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. 2021 Jun 2;9(6):663. doi: 10.3390/healthcare9060663

Table 2.

Demographics and valency characteristics (n = 237).

Variable M ± SD/n (%) Valency p
Positive Mixed/Negative ƚ
Valency of responses 184 (78) 53 (22)
Age 41.7 ± 10.2 years 41.3 ± 10.1 41.7 ± 11.8 0.813 a
Insurance status *
Medicaid/State-based 74% NA NA
Medicare 6%
Commercial 14%
Self-pay 6%
Gender
Male 105 (52) 83 (52) 22 (50) 0.798 b
Female 98 (48) 76 (48) 22 (50)
Race/Ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic 133 (81) 100 (79) 33 (90) 0.562 b
Black, non-Hispanic 6 (4) 5 (4) 1 (3)
Hispanic 16 (10) 15 (12) 1 (3)
Unknown 9 (5) 7 (5) 2 (4)

Notes: Missing data for gender = 34 and for race/ethnicity = 73. ƚ Negative-only participants were n = 29 (12% of total responses). * Insurance status was PHI and hence was not matched to participant IDs in this survey. Figures presented are aggregated data for the broader participant population. a Independent samples t-test. b Chi-square analysis.