Table 1.
Summary of the clinical-serological and virological characteristics reported by the main studies on HBV-related CV.
| First Author, Year, Ref. | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Boglione et al. 2015 [28] | Mazzaro et al. 2016 [29] | Li et al. (2017) [30] | |
| Number of Patients | 7 | 17 | 12 |
| Female/male | ¾ | 10/7 | 4/8 |
| Age/years, median (range) | 60 (49–65) | 56 (45–70) | 47(29–68) |
| Clinical Features | |||
| Purpura, n (%) | 3 (43) | 17 (100) | 7 (58) |
| Arthralgias, n (%) | 0 | 12 (71) | 3 (25) |
| Raynaud’s phenomenon, n (%) | 0 | 3 (14) | 0 |
| Sicca Syndrome, n (%) | 0 | 2 (9) | 0 |
| Skin Ulcers, n (%) | 2 (29) | 1 (6) | 0 |
| Peripheral neuropathy, n (%) | 4 (57) | 5 (29) | 2 (17) |
| Glomerulonephritis, n (%) | 0 | 3 (18) | 12 (100) |
| Gastrointestinal vasculitis, n (%) | 0 | 0 | 2 (17) |
| Chronic hepatitis, n (%) | NA | 8 (47) | NA |
| Cirrhosis, n (%) | NA | 5 (29) | NA |
| Biochemical and Virological Features | |||
| MC type II/type III | NA | 15/2 | 3/9 |
| Cryocrit %, median (range) | 3.4 (2.5–6) | 3 (1–14) | NA |
| Rheumatoid Factor IU/mL, median (range) | NA | 119 (88–5850) | 694 (67–2730) |
| C4 mg/dl, median (range) | NA | 8.0 (4–31) | 6.0 |
| ALT IU/mL, median (range) | 79 (68–105) | 71 (39–82) | 44 (10–102) |
| Creatinine mg/dl, median (range) | NA | 1.0 (0.7–1.2) | 2.8 (0.0–9.8) |
| HBV-DNA positive, n (%) | 7 (100) | 17 (100) | 12 (100) |
| HBsAg positive, n (%) | 7 (100) | 17 (100) | 10 (83) |
MC, mixed cryoglobulinemia; NA, data not available.