Table 2.
Summary of in vivo depletion or adoptive transfer studies to identify cell types involved in Ab-mediated protection.
| Virus | Antibody (Species) |
Neut + | Identified Cell Type (Depletion or Transfer Method) |
Outcome $ | Ref ** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Influenza A virus | 2B9, 2C10, FEE8 (mouse) |
No | AMΦ * [clodronate liposomes or adoptive transfer of AMΦ (2B9)] | Depletion- increased weight loss, viral load at 6 dpi, and mortality | [56] |
| Transfer- reduced weight loss and increased survival | |||||
| 5E01, 5D06 (human) |
No | AMΦ (clodronate liposomes) | Depletion- increased weight loss, mortality | [56] | |
| 9H10, 6F12 (mouse) |
Yes | AMΦ (clodronate liposomes) | Depletion with suboptimal mAb dose- increased weight loss | [56] | |
| FI6v3 (optimized human) |
Yes | CD8+ T cells (anti-CD8) | GAALIE or GA variant plus depletion- increased weight loss and mortality. | [35] | |
| M2e-HBc immunized | No | NK and NKT cells (anti-asialo-GM1) | Depletion- increased mortality | [57] | |
| M2e-HBc immune serum (passive transfer) | No | AMΦ * (clodronate liposomes or adoptive transfer of AMΦ) | Depletion- increased weight loss and mortality | [58] | |
| Transfer- reduced weight loss and increased survival | |||||
| SARS-CoV-2 | COV2-2050 (human) |
Yes | Ly6Chi monocytes (anti-CCR2) | Depletion- increased weight loss, lung pathology, and cytokines and chemokines | [11] |
| CD8+ T cells (anti-CD8) | Depletion- increased viral burden at 8dpi in lungs | ||||
| SARS-CoV | Immune serum | Yes | AMΦ and monocytes (clodronate liposomes and/or anti-Gr1) | Depletion- increased viral titer in lungs at 9 dpi. Highest titer when both AMΦ and monocytes were depleted | [59] |
| Chikungunya virus | CHK-152 + CHK-166 (mouse & humanized) |
Yes | Monocytes (anti-CCR2) | Depletion- increased viral burden in ankle at 7 dpi and increased foot swelling | [12] |
| Yellow Fever virus | 1A5 | No | “killer cells” (cyclophosphamide treatment) | Depletion- reduced survival | [60] |
| West Nile virus | E28 | No | Macrophages (clodronate liposomes) | Depletion- reduced viremia 1 and 2 dpi | [61] |
+ Neut = Neutralizing. Determined using in vitro assays. $ Outcome indicates the phenotype when the specified cell type was depleted or transferred with anti-viral antibody treatment compared to administering anti-viral antibody or cell transfer alone. ** Ref = Reference. * AMΦ = alveolar macrophage.