Table 2.

Summary of the different JAK/STAT signaling pathways and its activators in ILDs. The left column shows the JAK/STAT induced pathway for each activator. The right column shows the specific human ILD, ILD animal model, or cells in which the mentioned pathway was found.

JAK/STAT-Induced Pathway	ILD, ILD Animal Model and/or Cell Type
IL-4 → JAK1/JAK3 → STAT6	AECs from BLM-induced fibrosis mouse models [20,21]
IL-13 → JAK1/TYK2 → STAT6	AECs from BLM-induced fibrosis mouse model [20,21]
IL-6 → STAT3	IPF fibroblasts, normal lung fibroblasts and BLM-induced mouse model [22,23,24]
IL-11 → STAT3	BLM-induced fibrosis mouse model, human lung fibroblasts [25,26,27]
IL-31 → STAT1	Mouse pulmonary fibrosis [28]
TGF-β1 → STAT3	Human fibroblasts, AECs, SS mouse model [29,30]
TGF-β1 → JAK2 → STAT3	IPF AECs and fibroblasts, SS [31,32]
EGF → STAT3	IPF, COP, NSIP [33,34]
PDGF → STAT1	ILDs alveolar macrophages, IPF BALF [35,36,37]
FGF → STAT1/STAT3/STAT5	Progressive fibrosing ILD [38,39]
VEGF → STAT3	IPF, Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia [40,41]

Abbreviations: alveolar epithelial cells (AECs), bleomycin (BLM), systemic sclerosis (SS), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP), idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF).