Table 3.

Summary of JAK/STAT expression and distribution studies.

JAK/STAT	Study Subject/ILD	JAK/STAT Lung Distribution	JAK/STAT mRNA and Protein Expression	Reference
JAK 1	BLM-induced IPF mouse model	Inflammatory and epithelial cells	Increased mRNAexpression in lung tissue	[57]
p-JAK1	BLM-induced IPF mouse model	Lung tissue		[58]
JAK2	BLM-induced IPF rat model	Fibrotic cells		[31]
	IPF patients	Hyperplastic alveolar cells and fibroblasts	Increased mRNA and protein expression in lung tissue	[31]
	IPF + pulmonary hypertension patients	Tunica intima and media of small pulmonary arteries	Increased mRNA and protein expression in pulmonary arteries	[59]
p-JAK2	BLM-induced IPF rat model	Nuclei of fibrotic cells	Increased protein expression in lung tissue	[31]
TYK2	Progressive pulmonary sarcoidosis patients		Increased mRNA expression in bronchoalveolar lavage	[65]
STAT1	BLM-induced IPF mouse model	Inflammatory and epithelial cells	Increased mRNAexpression in lung tissue	[28,57,60]
	BLM-induced IPF rat model	Alveolar macrophages		[61]
	Sarcoidosis patients		Increased expression in blood and lung samples	[63,64]
p-STAT1	BLM-induced IPF mouse model	Lung tissue		[58]
STAT 3	BLM-induced IPF mouse model	Alveolar macrophages, endothelial cells, and neutrophils	Increased mRNA and proteinexpression in lung tissue	[30,57]
	BLM-induced IPF rat model	Fibrotic cells	Increased protein expression in lung tissue	[31]
	IPF patients	Hyperplastic alveolar cells and fibroblasts	Increased mRNA and protein expression in lung tissue	[31]
	IPF+ pulmonary hypertension patients	Tunica intima and media of small pulmonary arteries	Increased mRNA and protein expression in pulmonary arteries	[59]
p-STAT3	BLM-induced IPF mouse model	Myofibroblasts and alveolar macrophages	Increased protein expression in lung tissue	[30,62,67]
	BLM-induced IPF rat model	Fibrotic cells and nuclei of fibrotic cells	Increased protein expression in lung tissue	[31]
	IPF patients	Areas of dense fibrosis, parenchymal cells adjacent to collagenous foci, (epithelial and hematopoietic origin), alveolar macrophages, myofibroblasts and nuclei of AECs	Increased protein expression in lung tissue and isolated IPF-lung-fibroblasts	[23,30,49,67]
	IPF+ pulmonary hypertension Patients	Nucleus of pulmonary artery cells, fibroblasts, and AECs	Increased protein expression in pulmonary arteries	[59]
p-STAT5	DIP mouse model		Increased p-STAT5 protein expression in alveolar macrophages	[66]
STAT 6	BLM-induced IPF mouse model		Increased mRNA expression	[20]

Abbreviations: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), bleomycin (BLM), alveolar epithelial cells (AECs).