Table 4.
Summary of in vivo studies using phage therapy against P. aeruginosa from 2015 to date.
| Infection Model | Bacteria | Phage Therapy | Antibiotic Combination | Outcome | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G. mellonella and mouse | 105 CFU/mL YMC11/02/R656 strains and IN in mouse | Bφ-R656 and Bφ-R1836 at MOIs of 100, 10 and 1 (IN in mice) | No | Treatment with Bφ-R656 and Bφ-R1836 increased 50 and 60% of survival in larvae and 66 and 83% in mice, respectively | [85] |
| G. mellonella and mouse | 109 CFU/mL PAK-lumi in larvae and 107 in mouse IN | Cocktail with PYO2, DEV, E215, E217, PAK_P1 and PAK_P4 phages (IN in mice) | No | In larvae: MOI of 8 increased survival from 17% to 49% and MOI of 25 increased to 63% after 20 h. Prophylaxis also was provided. In mice: 100% of survival with 0.05 and 1 MOIs |
[86] |
| Mouse model of pneumoniae | 2 × 106 CFU/mL IN | PELP20 IN administration 24, 36, 48, 72, 144 and 156 h post-infection | No | Complete clearance in 100% of mice treated at 24, 36, 48 and 72 h, and 70% of clearance in mice treated at 144 and 156 h | [87] |
| Mouse model of pneumoniae | 2.5 × 106 CFU FADDI-PA001 intratracheal administration | 2 × 107 PFU/mg intratracheally aerosolized PEV20 phage | No | Bacterial burden reduction of treated mice, from 1.3 × 1010 CFU to 6 × 104 CFU in lungs | [88] |
| Mouse model of pneumoniae | MDR strain | 1 mg with 106 PFU PEV20 aerosolized into the trachea 2 h post-infection | Ciprofloxacin (0.33 mg) intotracheal aerosolized 2 h post-infection | Combined treatment with antibiotic reduced bacterial load by 5.9 log10 | [89] |
| Preventive mouse infection model | 2.5 × 107 CFU/mL IN | 1.2 × 109 PFU/mL IN cocktail 48 h prior infection | No | After 24 h of bacterial challenge, more than 70% of pre-treated mice cleared the infection and the other 30% harboured up to 20 CFU/mL | [90] |
| Zebrafish | 30 CFU/embryo | 5 × 109 PFU/mL of a cocktail of four phages | Ciprofloxacin 100 µg/mL | CF embryos reduced lethality from 83% to 52% and antibiotic combination increased survival | [74] |
Abbreviations: CF, cystic fibrosis; CFU, colony-forming units; IN, intranasal; MOI, multiplicity of infection; PFU, plaque-forming units.