Table 1.
Characteristics of HANDLS study sample at Visit 1, 2004–2009.
| Predictors and Outcome Measures | Overall | Sex | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 1907 | Men N = 839 |
Women N = 1068 |
p | |
| Age, years, X ± SE | 48.38 ± 0.21 | 48.31 ± 0.32 | 48.43 ± 0.29 | 0.789 |
| Race, African American, % | 58.0 | 58.5 | 57.6 | 0.715 |
| Socioeconomic status, High a, % | 81.8 | 81.9 | 81.7 | 0.984 |
| Dietary Inflammatory Index b, X ± SE | 3.35 ± 0.05 | 3.05 ± 0.08 | 3.58 ± 0.06 | <0.001 |
| Cigarette smoker, Not current, % | 51.2 | 45.2 | 55.9 | <0.001 |
| Illicit drug use, Not current, % | 82.0 | 76.4 | 86.3 | <0.001 |
| Handgrip strength, X ± SE | 34.45 ± 0.25 | 42.24 ± 0.35 | 28.03 ± 0.21 | <0.001 |
| SF-12 MCS c, X ± SE | 49.56 ± 0.26 | 50.38 ± 0.36 | 48.90 ± 0.36 | 0.004 |
| SF-12 PCS c, X ± SE | 47.39 ± 0.26 | 48.13 ± 0.37 | 46.80 ± 0.35 | 0.010 |
Abbreviations: HANDLS—Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span, SF-12 MCS—Short Form-12 Mental Component Summary score, SF–12 PCS–Short; Form–12 Physical Component Summary score. a High socioeconomic status meant either the household income was above 125% 2004 HHS, poverty guidelines [35] or person had at least a high school education. b Dietary Inflammatory Index was calculated based on Shivappa et al. method [43] c Component Scores are represented as t-scores with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10.