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. 2021 May 26;9(6):558. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9060558

Figure 3.

Figure 3

pH-responsive micellar nanocarriers for dual delivery of antigen and oligonucleotides. (a) SDS-PAGE of fluorescently labeled ovalbumin (OVA), nanoparticle–OVA conjugates at a polymer/OVA molar ratio of 20:1 (ova-pol), and a physical mixture of ova and polymer (ova+pol). Incubation of conjugates with intracellular concentrations of glutathione (GSH) liberates OVA from the carrier. (b) Agarose gel electrophoresis of OVA–nanoparticle conjugates incubated with CpG ODN1826 at various positive/negative charge ratios. (c) Representative size distribution (number average) measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) of ova-pol/CpG complexes at a 4:1 charge ratio. (d) Erythrocyte lysis assay demonstrating pH-dependent membrane destabilizing activity of the diblock copolymer micelles (pol), nanoparticle–OVA conjugate (ova-pol), and conjugate complexed with CpG ODN (ova-pol/CpG). Concentrations are normalized to 2.5 μg/mL polymer and data represent mean +/− s.d. (n = 4). * p < 0.05: ova−pol/CpG vs. pol and ova−pol; # p < 0.05: ova−pol vs. pol by ANOVAwith Tukey’s post hoc test. (Adapted from [34]).