Table 3.
Behaviours during the first two days after calving.
| Days after Calving | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | ||||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | t-Test/Wilcoxon | p-Value | Effect Size | |
| Dam | |||||||
| Visible time (min) | 1342.4 | ±84.0 | 1361.3 | ±51.4 | |||
| Lying (min) | 716.4 | ±121.9 | 737.6 | ±90.6 | t (24.0) = −0.9 | 0.4 | |
| Walking (min) a | 33.6 | ±16.7 | 37.9 | ±16.8 | t (24.0) = −1.9 | 0.1 | |
| Grooming: licking + sniffing (min) b | 88.0 | ±25.0 | 36.1 | ±19.0 | t (24.0) = 12.1 | <0.001 | 2.4 * |
| Feeding (min) | 280.0 | ±45.4 | 306.0 | ±55.7 | t (24.0) = −2.5 | 0.02 | −0.5 * |
| Maternal Rejection behaviours (n°) | 4.7 | ±9.1 | 0.6 | ±1.6 | W = 127.0 | 0.003 | 0.9 ¥ |
| Pawing the calf (n°) | 0.0 | ±0.0 | 0.0 | ±0.2 | |||
| Pushing the calf (n°) | 0.1 | ±0.4 | 0.0 | ±0.0 | |||
| Avoidance behaviour (n°) | 4.6 | ±9.1 | 0.6 | ±1.6 | |||
| Calf | |||||||
| Visible time (min) | 1332.0 | ±135.4 | 1339.4 | ±260.0 | |||
| Lying (min) c | 1089.5 | ±132.4 | 1174.6 | ±235.8 | t (24.0) = 12.4 | <0.001 | 2.5 * |
| Standing attempts (n°) | 11.9 | ±16.6 | 0.1 | ±0.3 | W = 325.0 | <0.001 | 1.0 ¥ |
| Walking (min) | 36.7 | ±22.1 | 18.0 | ±8.9 | t (24.0) = 4.9 | <0.001 | 1.0 * |
| Sniffing (min) b | 55.8 | ±41.5 | 28.0 | ±20.1 | t (24.0) = 5.0 | <0.001 | 1.0 * |
| Suckling attempts (n°) | 10.6 | ±8.8 | 1.2 | ±2.4 | W = 300.0 | <0.001 | 1.0 ¥ |
| Suckle the udder (min) | 38.0 | ±22.6 | 21.9 | ±13.5 | t (24.0) = 4.1 | <0.001 | 0.8 * |
Number of subjects: 25; effect size: * = Cohen’s d; ¥ = Rank biserial correlation. Data transformations: a = natural logarithm, b = squared roots, c = box cox.