Figure 2.

Preclinical models in lymphoma research and procedures. Research models in B-cell lymphomas include: (A) two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures comprising B-cells, patient lymphoma samples, DLBCL cell lines, gene edited cell lines, or mixed-cell cultures; (B) three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures, such as simple organoids involving a single cell type, complex organoids involving several cell types, and more complex systems, such as organ-on-chip models and microfluidics-based platforms; (C) mouse models, with CD57BL/6, immunodeficient, or genetically engineered mice (GEM). Their uses are summarized in the boxes below the mice. (D) All these elements can be combined and used to develop a variety of procedures involving cells from the same species (syngeneic allografts, left) or from different species (xenografts, right).