Table 2.
Representative polymeric NP stabilized with polysorbates.
| Polymer | Surfactant | NP Size (nm) |
PDI | Z-Potential (mV) |
Drug | EE or DL | Application | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PLGA | PS-80 1.0% | ~120 | N.A. | N.A. | Disulfiram | EE = 24% | Anticancer potential in Hep3B cell lines, in vitro model of hepatocellular carcinoma | [60] |
| PLGA | PS-80 0.1–7.5 mg/mL 10–30 mg/mL |
160.5 ± 1.37 | 0.043 ± 0.0023 | −21.53 ± 1.47 | N.A. | N.A. | ATR-FTIR method for quantifying the PS-80 adsorbed on the PLGA NP | [61] |
| PLGA | PS-80 1.0% | ~226 | 0.143 | −45.6 | Thymoquinone | EE = 69.5 ± 2.97% | Alzheimer’s disease model in albino mice | [14] |
| PLGA | PS-20 2.0% | 155.6 ± 21.8 | 0.112 | N.A. | Rapamycin Piperine |
EE ≈ 70% | Polymeric NP for breast cancer treatment | [62] |
| PLGA PLLA |
PS-80 1.0% | 50–100 | N.A. | −26/−32 | N.A. | N.A. | NP crossing BBB model | [63] |
| PLGA | PS-80 1.5% | ~160 | 0.183 | N.A. | Artesunate | DL = 23.67 ± 0.61% | Anticancer activity of artesunate | [64] |
| PLGA | PS-80 1.0% | 77 ± 1 | N.A. | −19 ± 0.89 | Bacoside-A | EE = 57.11 ± 7.11% | NP for brain targeting of bacoside-A | [65] |
| PLGA-PS80 16 | PS-80 1.0% | ~248.1 | 0.084 | −30.9 | plasmid DNA | DL = 9.3% | Nanopartcles for gene delivery | [66] |
| PLGA-Tween 80 | PS-80 0.6 mmol |
156.5 ± 8.6 | 0.14 | −15.4 ± 1.1 | Paclitaxel | DL = 5% | Multidrug resistance lung cancer model | [67] |
| mPEG-PLGA | PS-80 1% | ~145.2 | 0.133 | N.A. | Rhynchophylline | EE = 60% | Neuroprotective effects in an Alzheimer disease model | [68] |
| PBCA | PS-80 0.0–2.0% |
~100 | 0.018 | −2.44 | Dalargin | N.A. | Brain targeting of dalargin via oral administration | [69] |
| Poly (methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) | PS-60 0.1% | 364.03 ± 5.7 | N.A. | −29.1 ± 1.9 | Gliclazide | EE = 57.46 ± 5.6% | Oral delivery of gliclazide, a hypoglycemic agent | [70] |
| 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (TPM) |
PS-20 0.01–0.05 mM |
~ 15–500 | N.A. | −49.0 ± 0.5 | N.A. | N.A. | Surfactants influence on spontaneous monodisperse nanoemulsions of TPM | [71] |
| Polycaprolactone | PS-80 | 193 | 0.15 | −26.5 | Memantine | EE = 80 ± 3% | Alzheimer’s disease approach | [72] |
| Polycaprolactone | PS-80 200 and 25 (mg/mL) |
181–407 | 0.3–0.5 | +11.60 to +29.20 | Rosmarinus officinalis and Zataria multiflora essential oils | EE = 75.8–84.4% | Entrapment of two essential oils against Tribolium confusum | [73] |
| Polycaprolactone | PS-80 2.65 mg/mL 5.3 mg/mL 10.6 mg/mL 21.2 mg/mL |
~200 | N.A. | −6.73 | N.A. | N.A. | Optimization of nanoprecipitation method | [74] |
| Polycaprolactone | PS-80 0.5% |
~170 (uncoated) ~260–360 (chitosan coated) |
0.181 (uncoated) 0.345 (chitosan coated) | −12.91 (uncoated) +31.73 (chitosan coated) |
Paliperidone | EE ≈ 60% | Influence of PCL/drug ratio, stabilizer type, and high molecular weight of chitosan coating | [75] |
| Polystyrene | PS-20 0.1% | 20–200 | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | NP distribution after periocular administration | [76] |
| Poly (sebacicanhydride) (PSA) |
PS-60 PS-20 |
200–160 | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | Degradation of PSA NP | [77] |
| Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) | PS-80 1% v/v | 146 ± 30 | N.A. | −26 | Carvacrol | DL = 12.5% | Preparation and characterization of PHB NP by nanoprecipitation and dialysis methods | [78] |
| Chitosan-folate conjugated | PS-80 0.5% v/v | 111.8 ± 4.11 | 0.50 ± 0.21 | N.A. | Doxorubicin and curcumin analog | N.A. | Concentration of PS-80 decreased the size of NP | [79] |
| Chitosan and chondroitin sulfate | PS-80 15 mg | ~234 | 0.2 | +30.0 | Artemether | EE = 83 ± 0.28% | Transdermal antimalarial drug delivery system | [80] |
| Chitosan | PS-80 1.25% | 208 ± 0.01 | N.A. | −32.56 ± 0.03 | Imatinib | EE = 68.52 ± 0.01% | Colorectal cancer targeting application | [81] |
| Sodium Alginate | PS-80 | ~383 | 0.2 | 200 | Curcumin | EE = 95% | Bioavailability in healthy human volunteers | [82] |
Abbreviations: N.A. = Not Available; EE = Entrapment efficiency; DL = Drug Loading; PDI = Polidispersity Index; PS = Polysorbate; PDI = Polidispersity Index; PLLA = Poly(l-lactic acid); PLGA = Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid).