Impact of serum on PAM effect on cell viability. (a) Breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231/MDA-MB-468/MCF-7; pink) and EMT/MET cell line systems in breast (PMC42-ET/LA; grey) and bladder (5673/TSU-Pr1/B1/B2; blue) cancer cells were plated in growth media for 24 h prior to 3 h serum starvation. Cells were then treated with 0% or 100% 10PAM in the absence or presence of FBS (10%) for another 12 h. After the treatment, these cells were stained with DAPI for DNA and PI for apoptosis assessment, and the cell viability was calculated by live/dead cell assay. MCF-7 (b), MDA-MB-468 (c), MDA-MB-231 (d), PMC42-LA (e), PMC42-ET (f), 5637 (g), TSU-Pr1-B2 (h), TSU-Pr1-B1 (i), and TSU-Pr1 (j) cells were plated as per (a) and treated with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% 10PAM for 12 h in the absence or presence of FBS (10%). The cell viability was tested as per (a); dotted lines represent plus serum. The mean and SEM of the average for each data point from each of the 3 experiments are shown. “*” represents a p < 0.05, “**” represents a p < 0.01, and “***” represents a p < 0.001.