Table 3.

Relevant studies for art therapy.

Alternative Therapy	Diseases or Neurological Disorder	Effects on Patients	Effects on Caregivers	Reference
Art therapy vs. calculus	Mild Alzheimer’s disease	Improved QOL and vitality	N/A	Hattori H., 2011 [43]
Visual art training	Dementia	No quantitative benefits on overall cognition, working memory, or delayed recall	N/A	Johnson K.G., 2020 [44]
Art activity	Early-stage Alzheimer’s disease or related cognitive disorders (ADRD)	Cognitive stimulation, social connections, improved self-esteem	Social and cultural experience	Flatt, J.D., 2015 [45]
Art therapy	Dementia	Improvement in episodic memory and fluency, improved mood, confidence, and reduced isolation	Shared experience, support	Eekelaar, C., 2012 [46]
Art-based interventions	Dementia	Improvement in general cognition and functioning	Mutual support network, active involvement in group activity	Savazzi F., 2020 [47]

N/A: not available; QOL: quality of life; ADRD: Alzheimer’s disease-related dementias.