. 2021 May 29;10(6):650. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10060650

Table 2.

LL-37 derivatives that display enhanced antimicrobial activity when compared to the LL-37 parent peptide.

Type of Derivative	LL-37 Derivative	Sequence	Reference
WT sequence	LL-37	`LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES`	[155]
Truncations (without amino acid substitutions)	LL-32	`LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLV`	[156]
	LL-31 *	`LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNL`	[112,143,157]
	IG-19	`LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKR`	[157]
	RK-31	`RKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES`	[143]
	RK-25	`RKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNL`	[143]
	LL7-27	`RKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDF`	[147]
	KS-30 *	`KSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES`	[158]
	LL-13 *	`IGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES`	[150]
	KE-18 *	`KEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLV`	[153]
	LL-17 *	`FKRIVQRIKDFLR`	[150]
	FK-12	`FKRIVQRIKDFL`	[146]
	KR-20 *	`KRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES`	[158]
	KR-12 *	`KRIVQRIKDFLR`
Truncations (with amino acid substitutions)	IG-13-1	`IGKLFKRIVQLIK`	[159]
	IG-13-2	`IGKLFKRIVQLIL`	[159]
	FK13-a1 *	`WKRIVRRIKRWLR`	[145]
	FK13-a7 *	`WKRWVRRWKRWLR`	[145]
	KR-12-a2	`KRIVQRIKKWLR`	[154]
	KR-12-a3	`KRIVKRIKKWLR`	[154]
	KR-12-a4	`KRIVKLIKKWLR`	[154]
	KR-12-a5 *	`KRIVKLILKWLR`	[154,160,161]
	KR-12-a6	`LRIVKLILKWLR`	[154]
	VQ-12^V26	`VQRIKVFLRNLV`	[146]
Hybrids (with truncated LL-37)	AL32-P113	`ALGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLAKRHHGYKRK FHLEY`	[152]
	L31-P113	`LGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLAK`	[152]
	M-L	`GIGAVLKVLTTGLFKRIVQRIKDFLRN`	[162]
	B1	`KFKKLFKKLSPVFKRIVQRIKDFLR`	[148]
	C-L	`KWKLFKKIFKRIVQRIKDFLRN`	[163]
	FV-LL *	`FRIRVRVFKRIVQRIKDFLR`	[164]
	LI	`GKEFKRIVKWPWWPWRR`	[144]
Peptides based on LL-37	LLAP	`GRKSAKKIGKRAKRI`	[165]
	P38	`TSVRQRWRWRQRVRTS`	[166]
	RP557 *	`RFCWKVCYKGICFKKCK`	[167]
	GF-17 *	`GFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLV`	[149,168]
	OP-145 *	`IGKEFKRIVERIKRFLRELVRPLR`	[116,169]
	P60.4Ac *	`IGKEFKRIVERIKRFLRELVRPLR`	[151]
	P10 *	`LAREYKKIVEKLKRWLRQVLRTLR`	[151]
	SAAP-145	`LKRLYKRLAKLIKRLYRYLKKPVR`	[135]
	SAAP-148 *	`LKRVWKRVFKLLKRYWRQLKKPVR`	[135,170]
	SAAP-159	`LKRLYKRVFRLLKRYYRQLRRPVR`	[135]
	SAAP-276	`LKRVWKAVFKLLKRYWRQLKKPVR`	[135]
D-enantiomers	D-LL-31 *	`LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNL`	[171,172]
	D-LL-37	`LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES`	[121,124]
	17tF-W *	`GX₁KRlVQRlKDWlRKLV, where 1 is a D amino acid and X1 = 4-t-butylphenylalanine`	[173]
	17BIPHE2 *	`GX₁KR1VQR1KDX₂1RNLV, where 1 is a D amino acid and X₁ = X₂ = biphenylalanine`	[33,134,168,173,174]

WT wild-type. * LL-37-derived peptide with anti-biofilm activity in addition to its antibacterial properties. Substituted amino acids in the truncated peptides are represented in bold text. In the hybrid peptides, the amino acid sequence belonging to the LL-37 parent peptide is represented in bold text.