Table 5.
Maternal body composition and infant growth measurements across the study 1.
| Anthropometry and Body Composition | Baseline Period | Intervention Phase | PE ± SE 1 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 1 | Week 2 2 | Week 3 | |||
| Mothers | |||||
| Weight (kg) | 71.4 ± 10.3 | 70.6 ± 10.3 | 70.1 ± 9.8 * | −1.39 ± 0.35 | 0.002 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.8 ± 4.1 | 25.6 ± 4.1 | 24.3 ± 4.0 * | −0.50 ± 0.13 | 0.002 |
| Fat-free mass (kg) | 44.2 ± 4.7 | 45.2 ± 4.6 | 44.5 ± 4.0 | 0.32 ± 0.58 | 0.60 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 27.2 ± 7.1 | 25.4 ± 6.7 | 25.5 ± 6.5 * | −1.70 ± 0.54 | 0.007 |
| Fat mass (%) | 37.6 ± 5.4 | 35.5 ± 5.0 | 35.9 ± 4.9 | - | - |
| Fat mass to fat-free mass ratio | 0.61 ± 0.1 | 0.56 ± 0.1 | 0.57 ± 0.1 * | −0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.031 |
| Infants | |||||
| Weight (kg) | 6.1 ± 1.0 | 6.3 ± 1.0 * | 6.5 ± 1.0 * | 0.43 ± 0.05 | <0.001 |
| Length (cm) | 60.3 ± 3.3 | 61.1 ± 3.0 * | 61.9 ± 3.1 * | 1.53 ± 0.15 | <0.001 |
| Head circumference (cm) | 40.4 ± 2.0 | 40.8 ± 1.7 * | 41.4 ± 1.6 * | 0.99 ± 0.14 | <0.001 |
1 Effects of predictors taken from univariate linear mixed-effects models comparing baseline period (Week 1) to end of intervention phase (Week 3). PE, parameter estimate; SE, standard error. Asterisks (*) denote values that were significantly different from values at baseline (p < 0.05) (Week 1). p-values in bold are significant (p < 0.05) and represent comparisons between the intervention phase (Week 2 or Week 3) and the baseline period (Week 1). All p-values were computed using univariate linear mixed-effects models with individual mothers fitted as random effects. 2 Missing information from one mother and her infant.