Table 3.
Antifungal activity of P. graveolens Essential Oil (EO) and Diclofenac Sodium Salt (DSS) on different Candida strains.
| Strains | EO | DSS | Synergism | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MIC a ± SD | MIC a ± SD | DSS μg/mL b | EO μg/mL c | FICI d | |
| C. albicans ATCC 10231 | 0.12 ± 0.021 | 1.02 ± 0.350 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.23 |
| C. albicans ATCC 90028 | 0.25 ± 0.017 | 1.02 ± 0.370 | 0.20 | 0.06 | 0.30 |
| C. glabrata ATCC 15126 | 0.25 ± 0.015 | 2.05 ± 0.790 | 0.20 | 0.06 | 0.23 |
| C. tropicalis ATCC 750 | 0.12 ± 0.013 | 1.02 ± 0.350 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.23 |
| C. kefyr ATCC 204093 | 0.12 ± 0.014 | 2.05 ± 0.800 | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.30 |
| C. krusei ATCC 6258 | 0.50 ± 0.021 | 1.02 ± 0.390 | 0.20 | 0.12 | 0.30 |
| C. albicans A18 | 0.25 ± 0.021 | 2.05 ± 0.500 | 0.41 | 0.06 | 0.33 |
| C. albicans 10A12 | 0.12 ± 0.012 | 1.02 ± 0.310 | 0.20 | 0.03 | 0.30 |
| C. albicans 810 | 0.12 ± 0.010 | 1.02 ± 0.250 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.23 |
| C. krusei 31A29 | 0.50 ± 0.084 | 2.05 ± 0.620 | 0.41 | 0.12 | 0.30 |
| C. parapsilosis 11A13 | 0.50 ± 0.082 | 1.02 ± 0.200 | 0.20 | 0.06 | 0.30 |
| C. parapsilosis 1A1 | 0.25 ± 0.070 | 2.05 ± 0.830 | 0.41 | 0.06 | 0.26 |
| C. parapsilosis 911 | 0.25 ± 0.072 | 1.02 ± 0.270 | 0.20 | 0.03 | 0.30 |
| C. parapsilosis 910 | 0.25 ± 0.079 | 1.02 ± 0.410 | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.30 |
| C. tropicalis 810 | 0.25 ± 0.052 | 1.02 ± 0.450 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.35 |
a: MIC minimal inhibitory concentration (%v/v for EO; μg/mL for DSS); b: concentration of DSS in the mixture; c: concentration of essential oil in the mixture; d: FICI: fractional inhibitory concentration index; DSS: Diclofenac Sodium Salt; EO: Essential Oil; SD: Standard Deviation.