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. 2021 May 28;11(6):484. doi: 10.3390/jpm11060484

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics for the study participants.

Characteristics
(SysPharmPediA)		 All Recruited
Subjects (n = 145)		 Uncontrolled
Asthmatics (n = 91)		 Controlled
Asthmatics (n = 54)
Age in years, median (IQR) 11.93 (9.65, 14.00) 12.00 (9.68, 14.00) 11.74 (9.65, 13.84)
Female, n (%) 59/145 (41%) 39/91 (43%) 20/54 (37%)
Ethnicity, n (%) #

  • Caucasian

 115/145 (79%) 65/91 (71%) 50/54 (93%)

  • Latino

 10/145 (7%) 7/91 (8%) 3/54 (6%)

  • African

 6/145 (4%) 6/91 (7%) 0/54 (0%)

  • Asian

 2/145 (1%) 1/91 (1%) 1/54 (2%)

  • Mixed/Other

 12/145 (8%) 12/91 (13%) 0/54 (0%)
BMI z-score, median (IQR) 0.57 (−0.35, 1.38)
(n = 144)		 0.50 (−0.30, 1.43)
(n = 90)		 0.74 (−0.45, 1.27)
(n = 54)
Cesarean section, n (%) 27/139 (19%) 15/86 (17%) 12/53 (23%)
Breast feeding, duration in months, median (IQR) 4.00 (0.00, 9.00)
(n = 137)		 5.50 (0.00, 9.00)
(n = 86)		 4.00 (1.00, 9.00)
(n = 51)
Current living environment, n (%) ##

  • City

 58/140 (41%) 43/87 (49%) 15/53 (28%)

  • City center

 11/140 (8%) 8/87 (9%) 3/53 (6%)

  • Rural area

 18/140 (13%) 11/87 (13%) 7/53 (13%)

  • Village

 53/140 (38%) 25/87 (29%) 28/53 (53%)
Active and/or passive smoking exposure during pregnancy, n (%) 35/130 (27%) 20/79 (25%) 15/51 (29%)
Current active/passive smoking, n (%) 42/138 (30%) 26/87 (30%) 16/51 (31%)
Country of inclusion, n (%)

  • Spain

 50/145 (34%) 35/91 (38%) 15/54 (28%)

  • Germany

 39/145 (27%) 20/91 (22%) 19/54 (35%)

  • The Netherlands

 33/145 (23%) 26/91 (29%) 7/54 (13%)

  • Slovenia

 23/145 (16%) 10/91 (11%) 13/54 (24%)
Atopy, n (%) 121/138 (88%) 76/85 (89%) 45/53 (85%)
Diagnosed allergic rhinitis (ever), n (%) 101/137 (74%) 62/85 (73%) 39/52 (75%)
Diagnosed allergic conjunctivitis (ever), n (%) 87/134 (65%) 55/83 (66%) 32/51 (63%)
Asthma Control Test (ACT), median (IQR) 23.00 (19.00, 25.00)
(n = 140)		 20.00 (17.00, 23.00)
(n = 88)		 24.50 (23.00, 25.00)
(n = 52)
Current asthma medication intake §, n (%)

  • ICS

 145/145 (100%) 91/91 (100%) 54/54 (100%)

  • SABA §§

 133/142 (94%) 85/89 (96%) 48/53 (91%)

  • LABA

 134/143 (94%) 83/90 (92%) 51/53 (96%)

  • OCS

 31/137 (23%) 30/84 (36%) 1/53 (2%)

  • LTRA

 25/131 (19%) 18/84 (21%) 7/47 (15%)

  • Omalizumab

 14/139 (10%) 13/86 (15%) 1/53 (2%)

  • Mepolizumab

 2/137 (1%) 2/85 (2%) 0/52 (0%)
Spirometry % predicted, median (IQR)

  • FEV1 pre-salbutamol

 94.01 (82.74, 102.96)
(n = 142)		 95.20 (82.05, 102.18) (n = 89) 92.64 (86.08, 103.26) (n = 53)

  • FEV1 post-salbutamol

 99.40 (89.97, 108.76)
(n = 140)		 99.66 (91.90, 108.01) (n = 88) 97.63 (89.44, 109.35)
(n = 52)

  • FEV1/FVC pre-salbutamol

 95.42 (87.20, 100.38)
(n = 142)		 94.05 (85.85, 98.99)
(n = 89)		 97.25 (89.24, 102.76)
(n = 53)

  • FEV1/FVC post-salbutamol

 99.31 (92.35, 103.56)
(n = 140)		 98.79 (90.58, 103.69)
(n = 89)		 99.86 (94.64, 103.51)
(n = 52)
Spirometry z-score, median (IQR)

  • FEV1 pre-salbutamol

 −0.49 (−1.44, 0.26)
(n = 142)		 −0.40 (−1.55, 0.20)
(n = 89)		 −0.63 (−1.18, 0.28)
(n = 53)

  • FEV1 post-salbutamol

 −0.05 (−0.84, 0.73)
(n = 140)		 −0.03 (−0.68, 0.69)
(n = 88)		 −0.20 (−0.90, 0.75)
(n = 52)

  • FEV1/FVC pre-salbutamol

 −0.68 (−1.65, 0.06)
(n = 142)		 −0.89 (−1.84, −0.15)
(n = 89)		 −0.42 (−1.52, 0.41)
(n = 53)

  • FEV1/FVC post-salbutamol

 −0.10 (−1.05, 0.56)
(n = 140)		 −0.18 (−1.28, 0.59)
(n = 88)		 −0.02 (−0.77, 0.55)
(n = 52)
FENO (ppb), median (IQR) 16.35 (8.88, 41.25)
(n = 124)		 21.70 (11.00, 50.38)
(n = 80)		 10.50 (6.53, 17.18)
(n = 44)
Whole-blood cellular counts (absolute count × 109/L), median (IQR)

  • Eosinophils

 0.37 (0.21, 0.62)
(n = 126)		 0.46 (0.23, 0.74)
(n = 80)		 0.35 (0.18, 0.45)
(n = 46)

  • Neutrophils

 3.27 (2.43, 4.24)
(n = 126)		 3.31 (2.44, 4.30)
(n = 80)		 3.20 (2.40, 4.04)
(n = 46)

  • Lymphocytes

 2.58 (2.23, 3.10)
(n = 126)		 2.71 (2.23, 3.24)
(n = 80)		 2.51 (2.21, 2.90)
(n = 46)

  • Basophils

 0.04 (0.03, 0.06)
(n = 126)		 0.04 (0.03, 0.06)
(n = 80)		 0.04 (0.02, 0.06)
(n = 46)

  • Monocytes

 0.53 (0.41, 0.66)
(n = 126)		 0.53 (0.41, 0.66)
(n = 80)		 0.54 (0.43, 0.65)
(n = 46)

  • Leucocytes

 7.16 (5.79, 8.40)
(n = 128)		 7.30 (5.95, 9.09)
(n = 82)		 6.99 (5.71, 7.60)
(n = 46)

  • Erythrocytes

 4.97 (4.64, 5.48)
(n = 126)		 5.04 (4.60, 7.58)
(n = 80)		 4.83 (4.69, 5.02)
(n = 46)

  • Thrombocytes

 278.00 (250.50, 338.50)
(n = 127)		 277.00 (253.00, 349.00)
(n = 81)		 278.50 (243.75, 324.50)
(n = 46)

Categorical variables are described as n (% of n), and continuous variables as median (interquartile range, (IQR)). ACT: Asthma Control Test; scores range from 5 (poor control of asthma) to 25 (complete control of asthma), with higher scores reflecting greater asthma control. An ACT score >19 indicates well-controlled asthma. BMI: body mass index, FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FVC: forced vital capacity, FENO: fraction of exhaled nitric oxide, ICS: inhaled corticosteroids, LTRA: leukotriene antagonist, SABA: short-acting beta agonist, LABA: long-acting beta agonist, OCS: oral corticosteroids. # Seven subjects did not recode their ethnicity, and for six of them with genotyping data available, it was estimated from a principal component analysis (PCA). ## Five patients double recorded living in both rural area and village, and they were assigned as living in a village. § Medication intake based on the physician-reported use of medication in the last 12 months. §§ SABA usage includes those who were regular/current users of SABA through inhalers and/or nebulizers.