Table 3.
Results from multiple regression analyses predicting self-reported loneliness and social well-being by smartphone communication app total use time (average of past seven days) of 359 German adults.
| Predictors | Loneliness (M1) | Social Well-Being (M2) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (SE) | β | p | B (SE) | β | p | |||
| Intercept | 7.19 | (0.64) | <0.001 | 59.99 | (5.49) | <0.001 | ||
| Total use time | 0.21 | (0.16) | 0.07 | 0.18 | 0.19 | (0.96) | 0.01 | 0.84 |
| Age | 0.23 | (0.88) | 0.07 | 0.80 | −19.24 | (6.76) | −0.88 | 0.005 |
| Age2 | −0.60 | (0.88) | −0.19 | 0.49 | 21.11 | (6.57) | 0.96 | 0.001 |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male vs. female | −0.02 | (0.33) | <−0.01 | 0.95 | −3.46 | (2.33) | −0.07 | 0.14 |
| Mental disorder | ||||||||
| No vs. yes | 0.93 | (0.32) | 0.15 | 0.005 | −9.29 | (2.34) | −0.21 | <0.001 |
| Chronic disease | ||||||||
| No vs. yes | 1.03 | (0.32) | 0.17 | 0.001 | −5.35 | (2.40) | −0.12 | 0.02 |
| COVID-19 infection | ||||||||
| No vs. yes | −1.40 | (1.16) | −0.06 | 0.22 | 21.42 | (7.10) | 0.13 | 0.003 |
| Education | ||||||||
| Low vs. moderate | 0.41 | (0.62) | 0.06 | 0.52 | 9.47 | (5.18) | 0.18 | 0.06 |
| Low vs. high | 0.05 | (0.58) | 0.01 | 0.93 | 10.02 | (4.91) | 0.22 | 0.04 |
| Partnership status | ||||||||
| No vs. yes | 0.95 | (0.34) | 0.15 | 0.005 | −10.99 | (2.26) | −0.25 | <0.001 |
| Age × total use time | 1.80 | (1.07) | 0.54 | 0.09 | −15.79 | (7.52) | −0.66 | 0.04 |
| Age2 × total use time | −1.98 | (1.11) | −0.58 | 0.07 | 17.41 | (7.51) | 0.71 | 0.02 |
| R 2 | 0.09 | 0.16 | ||||||
Notes. B = unstandardized beta coefficient, β = standardized beta coefficient, SE = standard error; significant results at p < 0.05 are highlighted in bold.