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. 2021 May 25;13(6):377. doi: 10.3390/toxins13060377

Figure 3.

Figure 3

An overview of endocytic mechanisms in a non-polarized cell (A) and a polarized cell (B). We have indicated some pathways such as clathrin-dependent endocytosis, caveolae (now regarded to be quite stable structures), Cdc42/GRAF1, and others. It should be noted that clathrin-independent uptake is regulated in different ways on the apical and basolateral side as described in the text. It should be noted that in MDCK cells all caveolae are on the basolateral side. Reprinted from an open-access review [27].