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Binding sites for Gb3 to the B-pentamer of Shiga toxin shown by co-crystallization with a Gb3 analog (PDB protein bank IBOS) [147]. Each of the 5 B-subunits of Shiga toxin has the potential to bind 3 Gb3 molecules. Site 1 and 3 bind to the carbohydrates almost perpendicular to the cell surface, whereas site 2 binds to carbohydrates almost parallel to the membrane surface. Reprinted with permission from ref. [148] Copyright 2015 Elsevier.
