Table 3.
Overview of the literature with respect to surface damage determined by Raman spectroscopy, including solvent system, type of CNT, input power, and sonication time, together with reported effect and the respective citation.
| Dispersion Medium | Nanofiller Type | Input Power | Sonication Time/Energy Input | Analyzing Tool | Results | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Distilled water | MWCNT | 260 W, US bath | 15–120 min | Raman | ID/IG 0.96 (untreated)–1.2 (120 min) | [70] |
| NaNO3 + H2SO4 + KMnO4 | MWCNT | / | 40–160 min | Raman, FTIR | ID/IG 0.84 (untreated)–1.14 (40 min); FTIR confirmed oxygen-containing functional groups |
[15] |
| CH2Cl2 | MWCNT | 17 W | 5–20 min | Raman, ESR spectroscopy | No info on ratio | [71] |
| o-DCB or DMF | SWCNT | 195 W | 20–220 s | Raman | ID/IG+ ratio increase by factor 1.4 (DMF) and 1.7 (o-DCB) after 60–80 s | [92] |
| ddH2O+distilled water+ss-DNA oligo+(dT)30 | SWCNT | 3–80 W, US bath | 1–6 h | Raman | Almost no change, increase in defect sites less than 10% and not significant | [93] |