Table 1.
Sample characteristics (overall and by food insecurity).
| Food Insecurity | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Overall | None | Moderate | Severe | p-Value a | |
| Sex | Male | 45.0 | 46.1 | 37.7 | 37.8 | 0.009 |
| Female | 55.0 | 53.9 | 62.3 | 62.2 | ||
| Age (years) | Mean (SD) | 72.6 (11.5) | 72.5 (11.0) | 71.9 (12.6) | 72.5 (14.9) | 0.177 |
| Wealth | Poorest | 21.7 | 19.5 | 35.3 | 41.6 | <0.001 |
| Poorer | 21.0 | 20.0 | 29.3 | 26.9 | ||
| Middle | 20.4 | 20.4 | 22.3 | 18.6 | ||
| Richer | 17.5 | 18.8 | 8.0 | 7.6 | ||
| Richest | 19.4 | 21.4 | 5.1 | 5.3 | ||
| Education (years) | Mean (SD) | 5.2 (9.3) | 5.4 (9.1) | 3.9 (9.7) | 3.6 (10.7) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol consumption | No | 86.1 | 85.9 | 87.2 | 87.1 | 0.755 |
| Yes | 13.9 | 14.1 | 12.8 | 12.9 | ||
| Smoking | Never | 62.2 | 62.9 | 57.3 | 56.8 | 0.139 |
| Current | 29.3 | 28.6 | 33.2 | 35.7 | ||
| Quit | 8.5 | 8.5 | 9.5 | 7.5 | ||
| Physical activity | High | 35.2 | 34.0 | 45.1 | 43.7 | <0.001 |
| Moderate | 25.2 | 26.3 | 17.8 | 15.1 | ||
| Low | 39.6 | 39.7 | 37.1 | 41.2 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | <18.5 | 19.3 | 17.5 | 32.4 | 34.8 | <0.001 |
| 18.5–24.9 | 46.4 | 47.3 | 42.6 | 35.5 | ||
| 25.0–29.9 | 23.9 | 25.1 | 14.7 | 14.9 | ||
| ≥30 | 10.4 | 10.2 | 10.3 | 14.8 | ||
| No. of chronic diseases | Mean (SD) | 2.1 (2.8) | 2.1 (2.7) | 2.4 (3.7) | 2.6 (4.1) | <0.001 |
Abbreviation: SD Standard deviation; BMI Body mass index; a p-value was obtained by Chi-squared test and one-way ANOVA for categorical and continuous variables, respectively.