Table 1.

Comparison of the different types of selective autophagy.

Pathway	Target	Physiological Function	Receptor	Ref
Aggrephagy	Misfolded protein aggregates	Removes misfolded protein aggregates	p62, NBR1, OPTN, TOLLIP	[30]
Mitophagy	Mitochondria	Removes weakened or nonfunctioning mitochondria	p62, NDP52, OPTN, NBR1, TAX1BP1	[31]
Reticulophagy	Endoplasmic reticulum	Controls ER morphology, turnover, ER luminal proteostasis, and recovery from stress	p62, OPTN, NBR1, BNIP3, RETREG1/FAM134B, FAM134B, RTN3, SEC62, ATL3, CCPG1, TEX264	[30,32,33]
Pexophagy	Peroxisome (Ub)	Degrades peroxisomes in response to the scarcity of nutrients which generates a high level of reactive oxygen species	SQSTM1/p62, NBR1	[28,31]
Lysophagy	Lysosome (Ub)	Degrades damaged or ruptured lysosomal membranes to prevent inflammation and cell death due to lysosomal contents leakage	SQSTM1/p62, NDP52 TAX1BP1, TRIM16	[34]
Xenophagy	Bacteria (Ub), Viruses	Degrades cytoplasmic bacteria and viruses	NDP52, OPTN, SQSTM1/p62, TAX1BP1	[27,31]
Nucleophagy	Nucleus	Degrades nuclear components necessary for terminal differentiation of keratinocytes	ATG39	[31]
Ribophagy	Ribosome	Degrades ribosomes during starvation to generate nucleotides and nucleosides	NUFIP1	[30]
Lipophagy	Lipid droplets	Regulates lipid production in response to various cellular stressors, especially in the liver	SQSTM1/p62	[30]
Ferritinophagy	Ferritin	Degrades ferritin in the lysosome to supply free Fe3+ to the cell for the synthesis of metalloproteins (hemoglobin and cytochromes)	NCOA4	[28]