Table 3.

Changes (Δ) in fasting insulin, glucagon, and area under the curve (AUC) from the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test regarding insulin (240 min), glucagon (240 min), and HOMA-IR calculations.

			Experimental Diets
	Control		Mild and Sweet		Bitter and Strong		between Groups
	Changes a	p-Value b	Changes a	p-Value b	Changes a	p-Value b	p-Value c
Fasting insulin (pmol/L)	−1.99 ± 4.1	0.63	−7.77 ± 2.8	<0.01	−9.0 ± 3.33	<0.05	0.29
Fasting glucagon (pg/mL)	−2.25 ± 2.19	0.32	−2.23 ± 1.73	0.21	−2.17 ± 1.78	0.28	0.99
AUC insulin240 min, (pmol/L ∗ 240 min) †	−632.7 ± 3355	0.85	−2795 ± 2777	0.32	−7199 ± 3476	< 0.05	0.21
AUC glucagon240 min (pg/mL ∗ 240 min)	142.7 ± 561.3	0.80	−159.5 ± 416.2	0.71	−13.6 ± 524.3	0.98	0.92
HOMA-IR †	−0.13 ± 0.42	0.76	−0.46 ± 0.23	0.06	−1.05 ± 0.23	<0.0001	0.057

^a Data are presented as mean ± SEM. ^b Statistical calculations are within-group differences (paired t-test). ^c Statistical calculations are between group differences (ANOVA). † denotes use of non-normally distributed data and use of the Kruskal–Wallis test.