Figure 1.

GFP fluorescence of antioxidant response element (ARE)-GFP reporter in whole bodies, brains and gut in adults fed sesamin. (A) Stereo micrographs of male and female flies with ARE-GFP reporter (ARE) fed on a fly diet supplemented with 10 mM paraquat (paraquat) for 7 days. (A1–A4) Bright field microscopy of a male (A1) and a female (A3) without paraquat feeding, and a male (A2) and a female (A4) with the paraquat administration. (A5–A8) GFP fluorescence after irradiation of excitation light for GFP. (B) Quantification of GFP positive area in whole bodies of males or females fed on the diet with or without paraquat. The area was calculated by Image J for each treatment (n = 10). (C) Quantification of GFP mRNA levels in males or females fed on the diet with or without paraquat. Paraquat feeding stimulates a transcription of ARE-GFP reporter. (D) Stereo fluorescence micrographs of male and female flies with ARE, fed with 2 mg/mL sesamin or without the chemical for 7 days. (D1–D4) bright field microscopy of a male (D1), and female (D3) without drug administration, and those of a male (D2) and a female (D4) with the sesamin administration. (D5–D8) GFP fluorescence after irradiation of excitation light for GFP. (E) Quantification of GFP positive area in the whole bodies of males or females fed on the diet with or without sesamin. The area was calculated by Image J for each treatment (n ≥ 10). (F) Quantification of GFP mRNA levels in the whole bodies of males or females fed on the diet with or without sesamin. The relative GFP mRNA level was quantitated by qRT-PCR performed using total RNA extracted from 10–15 whole bodies. The sesamin feeding 2 mg/mL stimulates transcription of ARE-GFP reporter in the whole adult bodies. (G,J) GFP fluorescence of confocal micrographs in adult whole brains (G), and adult gut (J). (G1–G4) GFP fluorescence of a male brain (G1), and female brain (G3) from adults raised without the chemical, and those of a male brain (G2) and a female brain (G4) from adults with the sesamin administration. (H) Quantification of GFP positive area in whole brains of males or females fed with or without sesamin. (I) The relative mRNA level of GFP was quantitated by qRT-PCR using total RNA from 40–50 heads. (J) Foregut, midgut, and hindgut are indicated individually by arrows. (J1–J4) GFP fluorescence of a male gut (J1), and female gut (J3) from adults raised without the chemical, and that of a male (J2), and female gut (J4) from adults with the sesamin administration. (K) Quantification of GFP positive area in gut of males or females fed with or without sesamin. (L) Quantification of GFP mRNA level in adult guts of males or females fed with or without sesamin. The relative mRNA level of GFP was quantitated by qRT-PCR using total RNA from 30–40 abdomens. The sesamin feeding stimulated ARE-dependent transcription in the adult brains and gut in both sexes. Scale bars in (G,J) represent 100 μm. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, **** p < 0.0001 (Student’s t-test).