Suppression effects of sesamin on the oxidative stress-induced reduction of areas occupied by cholinergic neurons in adult brains harboring cholinergic neuron-specific depletion of Sod1 in adult brain. (A) In cholinergic neurons labelled in red by RFP expression, the neuron-specific depletion of Sod1 mRNA was carried out (ChAT > RFP, Sod1RNAi). Only a basal level expression of ChAT > RFP was observed in clusters of cholinergic neurons in male (A1) and female brains (A3) from flies fed on the control diet, while feeding of the diet with sesamin at 2 mg/mL enhanced the RFP fluorescence in both male (A2) and female brains (A4). (B,C) Total area occupied by the cholinergic neurons in brain (ChAT > RFP) (B), or in brains harboring cholinergic neuron-specific ROS accumulation due to the Sod1 depletion ChAT > RFP, Sod1RNAi) (C) From adults (n ≥ 9 each). Brains were prepared from the male or female flies fed on a diet either with 0.5% DMSO only (control), or with sesamin at 2 mg/mL in 0.5% DMSO (sesamin) for 7 days. Scale bar represents 10 μm. Student’s t-test, ns not significant, * p < 0.05, **** p < 0.0001.