. 2021 Jun 8;26(12):3483. doi: 10.3390/molecules26123483

Table 5.

Antitumoral effects of curcumin in colorectal cancer.

Curcumin
Experimental Models	Concentration Range	Biological Response	Pathway/Genes/Proteins Involved	Refs.
Cells and Cell Lines
HCT-116	10–25 µM	↑ Apoptosis	↓ AP-1, ↓ NF-κB, ↓ MMP-9	[95]
	20 µM with 5-FU (5 µM)	↑ Cell cycle arrest (S) ↑ Apoptosis ↓ Cell proliferation	↓ caspase-3, ↓ caspase-8, ↓ caspase-9, Bax, ↓ PARP, ↑ Bcl-2	[96]
	20 µM with 5-FU (5 µM)	↑ Cell cycle arrest (S) ↑ Apoptosis ↓ Cell proliferation	↓ cyclin D1
	25 µM with Piperine (7 µM)	↓ Cell proliferation ↑ Cell cycle arrest (G2/M ↑ Apoptosis	↓ cyclin D1, ↑ caspase-3	[97]


HT29	41 µM	↓ Oxydative stress ↓ Cell growth, ↓ Invasion, ↓ Metastasis	↓ NF-E2, ↓ Nrf2 ↓ Bcl-2, ↓ Cyclin D1, ↓ IL6, ↓ Cox2	[17]
	41 µM	↓ Oxydative stress ↓ Cell growth, ↓ Invasion, ↓ Metastasis	↓ NF-E2, ↓ Nrf2 ↓ Bcl-2, ↓ Cyclin D1, ↓ IL6, ↓ Cox2	[17]
HCT-8/5-Fu	10 µM with 5-FU (10 mM)	↑ Apoptosis,	↑ Nrf2, ↑ Bcl-2, ↓ Bax	[98]
Animal models
C57BL/6	300 mg/kg with DSS (5 mg/kg) I.P.	↓ Disease activity index, ↓ neoplasic lesions	↓ β-catenin, Cox2, iNOS	[99]
	300 mg/kg with DSS (5 mg/kg) I.P.	↑ Apoptotosis	↓ cyclinD1, ↓ cyclinD3, ↑ caspase-3, ↑ caspase-7, ↑ caspase-9, ↑ PARP	[92]
Oxaliplatin-resistant HCT116-xenograft	(1 g/kg) per os	↑ Radiosensitivity	↓ NF-κB, ↓ Ki-67, ↓ Notch-1	[100]
Orthopically implanted CRC tumors (HC116)	(1 g/kg) per os	↓ Cell growth, ↓ Metastasis	↓ NF-κB	[91]