Table 4.
Summary of VHH binding to different FMDV authentic particles and VLPs.
| VHH a | Binding to FMDV Particles b | FMDV Particle Specificity c | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 146S | 75S | wt VLP | 93C VLP | 93F VLP | 93Y VLP | 12S | ||
| A/TUR/14/98 | ||||||||
| M8F | + | + | ND | ND | ND | ND | + | None |
| M652F | + | + | ND | ND | ND | ND | + | None |
| M702F | + | + | ND | ND | ND | ND | - | Capsid |
| M691F | + | + | ND | ND | ND | ND | - | Capsid |
| A22/IRQ/24/64 | ||||||||
| M8F | +/- | + | + | + | ND | ND | + | 75S preference |
| M652F | + | + | + | + | ND | ND | + | None |
| M702F | + | - | - | + | ND | ND | - | Capsid |
| M691F | + | - | - | - | ND | ND | - | 146S |
| A24/Cruzeiro/BRA/55 | ||||||||
| M8F | +/- | ++ | ND | ND | ND | ND | + | 75S preference |
| M652F | + | ++ | ND | ND | ND | ND | +/- d | 75S preference d |
| M702F | + | + | ND | ND | ND | ND | - | Capsid |
| M691F | + | +/- | ND | ND | ND | ND | - | Capsid |
| A/GDMM/CHA/2013 e | ||||||||
| M8F | + | + | ND | ND | ND | ND | + | None |
| M652F | + | + | ND | ND | ND | ND | - | Capsid |
| M702F | + | + | + | ND | ND | ND | - | Capsid |
| M691F | + | + | - | ND | ND | ND | - | Capsid |
| Asia1/Shamir/ISR/89 | ||||||||
| M8F | +/- | ++ | + | + | ND | ND | +/- | 75S preference |
| M332F | + | + | + | + | ND | ND | - | Capsid |
| M661F | + | ND | + | + | ND | ND | - | Capsid |
| O1/Manisa/TUR/69 | ||||||||
| M8F | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | None |
| M170F | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | Capsid |
| M210F | + | ND | - | - | - | + | - | Capsid |
| SAT2/SAU/2/2000 (authentic particles) or SAT2/ZIM/7/83 (VLPs) | ||||||||
| M311F | + | ND | + | ND | + | + | + | None |
| M377F | + | ND | - | ND | + | + | - | Capsid |
a Underlined VHHs showed 146S specificity in earlier published data. VHHs that bind specifically to 146S of serotype A strains are colored green or purple by their CDR3 group. b The binding behavior of VHHs is defined as follows: + is binding when a peak is visible in SDG or ELISA signal in Figure 6 (absorbance > 0.3 at 2 µg/mL FMDV particles); - is no binding (absorbance < 0.3 at 2 µg/mL FMDV particles); +/- is slight binding (a peak is visible SDG, but not as high as with other VHHs); ND is not determined; ++ indicates better binding than +. c The particle specificity of VHHs is defined as follows. Capsid: binding both 146S and 75S; underlined Capsid: binding 146S, 75S and VLPs; none: binds all particles; 146S: binds only 146S; 75S preference: binds all particles but with a preference for 75S. d M652F showed an inconsistency: it showed capsid-specific binding with a preference for 75S when analyzing SDG, but could bind 12S obtained by heating (Figure 2). e A/GDMM/CHA/2013 wt VLPs are the only VLPs produced in E. coli.