Table 1.

Biological function and implications of candidate genes in MM cells with 1q21 amp.

Candidate Genes	Chromosomal Location	Biological Function	Function of Overexpressed Gene in MM Cells with 1q21	References
MCL-1	1q21.2	Anti-apoptotic	Apoptosis resistance, disease progression, and shorter OS	[35,38]
CSK1B	1q21.3	Cell division	Regulation of the p27 proteasome degradation	[39,40]
IL6R	1q21.3	IL6 regulator	Increased IL6 sensitivity and hyper-activation of the STAT3 pathway	[34,41]
ILF2	1q21.3	mRNA stability, mRNA post-transcriptional regulation, and in mitotic control.	Promotes tolerance of genomic instability, enhancing MM cell survival and drug resistance	[36,42,43]
BCL9	1q21.2	T ranscriptional co-activator of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway	Promotes cell proliferation?	[44,45]