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Schematic illustration of the mechanism of diabetic retinopathy. (A). The presence of pericytes ensures proper functioning and stability of capillary walls. (B). Due to the hypoxia of the retina and the expression of angiogenic factors, new branches of the already existing vessels are formed through angiogenesis. Due to the atrophy and degeneration of the pericytes, the capillary walls become fragile, which leads to leakage and then edema of the retina.
