Table 1.

Summary of the NIR organic dyes

Class	Name	Ex.	Emi.	Abs.	Q.Y.	Biomedical Applications	Ref.
Polymethine (Cyanine)	Cy3	550	570	309	0.15	Biotechnologies (labeling, analysis, biomedical imagings)	–
	Cy5	650	670	409	0.27
	Cy7	743	767	512	0.28
	ICG	788	830	800	0.04	Clinical angiography, laparoscopic surgery	Kim et al. 2018
	CDnir7	806	821		0.14	Bioimaging – inflammation	Kang et al. 2014
	TiNIR	805	825		0.09	Bioimaging - lung tunor initiating cells	Kim et al. 2019b
Polymethine (Sulfur)	IR-26	785, 808	~ 1050	950	~ 0.05	Bioimaging - Lymphatic systems	Wang et al. 2019
	IR-1061	980	1074	~ 1000	~ 0.02	Bioimaging - Inner organs and blood vessels	Tao et al. 2013
	IRBTP-B	950	~ 1000	905	0.001	Detection - drug-induced hepatotoxicity	Zhao et al. 2021
D-A-D (benzobisthadiazoles)	H1	785	~ 1100	600–1000	0.02	Biomaging - tumor; Imaging-guided surgery	Sun et al. 2017
	Q8	808	1020–1150	600–1000	0.0001	Bioimaging - tumor, Imaging-guided surgery	Qu et al. 2019
	IR-FP8	808	~ 1000	808	0.04	Videorate imaging - hindlimb vessels of mice	Ma et al. 2020
	TPB-AZO		909	690	0.22	Detection - cardiac cyle and heart rate	Zhang et al. 2020
	BPST	715	897	347–711	0.06	Bioimaging - blood, lymphatic vessels, and tumors	Wu et al. 2019
	HLZ-BTED	785	~ 1000	~ 805	0.002	Detection - gastrointestinal function and diseases	Lin et al. 2019
	XA1	808	~ 1000	400–780	0.15	Bioimaging - limb and cerebral vessels	Xu et al. 2020
	2TT-oC6B	808	1014	700	0.11	Bioimaging - brain inflammation	Liu et al. 2020