Table 2.
Pesticide residues concentration in grape juice, must, and wine from 1–23 samples.
| Pesticide | N° | Vat 30 (mg/L—mg/kg) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency | Samples | Grapes | Must | Wine | PF1 | PF2 | ||||
| Pesticides | grapes (1–23) | >MRL | mg L−1 | mg kg−1 | mg L−1 | mg kg−1 | mg L−1 | mg kg−1 | ||
| Juice | Pellet | Liquid | Pellet | Liquid | Pellet | |||||
| Acephate | 13 | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOD | <LOQ | <LOD | <LOQ | |||
| Formetanate | 13 | <LOQ | <LOD | <LOQ | <LOD | <LOD | <LOQ | |||
| Pymetrozine | 13 | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOD | <LOQ | |||
| Carbendazim | 13 | <LOQ | <LOD | <LOQ | <LOD | <LOD | <LOQ | |||
| Mandipropoamid | 23 | 3 | <LOQ−6.60 | <LOQ | 1.05 ± 0.61 | 1.76 ± 12.21 | 1.55 ± 2.32 | 7.48 ± 4.05 | 0.23 | 1.48 |
| Iprovalicarb | 4 | <LOQ | <LOD | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOD | <LOQ | |||
| Fenhexamid | 22 | <LOQ−0.03 | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | 0.617 | |||
| Azinphos-ethyl | 16 | <LOQ | <LOD | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOD | <LOQ | |||
| Mepanipyrim | 16 | 1 | <LOQ−2.36 | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOD | <LOQ | ||
| Iprodione | 8 | <LOQ−0.14 | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | ||||
| Zoxamide | 13 | <LOQ−0.15 | 2.02 ± 2.19 | 0.02 ± 2.06 | 0.09 ± 2.68 | 0.02 ± 2.06 | 1.09 ± 0.19 | 0.13 | 1.00 | |
| Spinosyn A | 5 | <LOQ–0.02 | 0.12 ± 1.48 | <LOQ | 0.09 ± 0.48 | <LOD | 0.90 ± 0.09 | <0.04 | nt | |
| Spinosyn D | 5 | <LOQ | 0.14 ± 1.23 | <LOQ | 0.04 ± 4.05 | <LOQ | 0.69 ± 0.17 | |||
| Emamectin Benzoate | 10 | <LOD | <LOQ | <LOD | 0.13 ± 0.02 | <LOD | 2.13 ± 0.02 | |||
| Etoxazole | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
| T-fluvalinate | 10 | <LOQ | 0.09 ± 3.87 | <LOQ | 0.04 ± 1.63 | <LOQ | 1.23 ± 4.04 | |||
| Etofenprox | 1 | 0.08 ± 2.12 | 1.13 ± 0.64 | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <0.04 | nt | |
PF1: processing factor grapes vs. wine; PF2: processing factor must vs. wine; nt: not derived.