Table 3.
Phenotype of sarcoidosis in patients with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection (1:2 age-sex-matched case control study).
| Phenotype of Sarcoidosis | Sarcoidosis with SARS-CoV-2 Infection (n = 45) | Sarcoidosis without SARS-CoV-2 Infection *** (n = 90) | Bilateral p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Scadding radiological stages | 0.182 | ||
| Stage 0 | 3 (6.7) | 8 (8.9) | |
| Stage I | 13 (28.9) | 41 (45.6) | |
| Stage II | 22 (48.9) | 28 (31.1) | |
| Stage III | 7 (15.6) | 13 (14.4) | |
| Baseline pulmonary function tests * | 0.762 | ||
| Moderate/severe impairment | 9/27 (33.3) | 12/37 (32.4) | |
| Clinical phenotypes | |||
| Thoracic involvement (stages I + II + III) | 42 (93.3) | 82 (91.1) | 0.751 |
| Pulmonary involvement (stages II + III) | 29 (64.4) | 41 (45.6) | 0.045 |
| Extrathoracic involvement | 29 (64.4) | 56 (62.2) | 0.852 |
| Number extrathoracic organs (mean, SD) | 1.18 ± 1.25 | 1.28 ± 1.35 | 0.678 |
| WASOG extrathoracic involvement | |||
| Cutaneous | 13 (28.9) | 34 (37.8) | 0.343 |
| Lymph nodes | 12 (26.7) | 14 (15.6) | 0.164 |
| Ocular | 1 (2.2) | 6 (6.7) | 0.663 |
| Liver | 7 (15.6) | 12 (13.3) | 0.795 |
| Spleen | 5 (11.1) | 10 (11.1) | 1.000 |
| Salivary | 0 (0) | 5 (5.6) | 0.169 |
| ENT | 0 (0) | 2 (2.2) | 0.552 |
| Articular/bone | 1 (2.2) | 3 (3.3) | 1.000 |
| Neurological | 0 (0) | 7 (7.8) | 0.095 |
| Renal | 5 (11.1) | 6 (6.7) | 0.505 |
| Heart | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) | 1.000 |
| Diagnostic tests | |||
| Raised serum ACE levels | 18/34 (52.9) | 41/75 (54.7) | 1.000 |
| Raised serum calcium levels | 6/32 (18.7) | 9/76 (11.8) | 0.370 |
| Bx-proven dx | 39 (86.7) | 78 (86.7) | 1.000 |
| Sarcoidosis-related therapies ** | |||
| Glucocorticoids | 18 (40.0) | 52 (57.7) | 0.051 |
| Immunosuppressive agents | 2 (4.4) | 7 (7.8) | 0.717 |
| Biological agents | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) | 1.000 |
* Carried out in patients with pulmonary involvement (stages II and III); ** Therapies administered at any time after sarcoidosis diagnosis; *** Negative microbiological tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection.