Table 1.
The characterization of the materials studied in this work.
| Materials | Yield (%) | ρb (g/mL) | ρt (g/mL) | CI | HR | AR (°) | d (0.5) (μm) | Span | Uniformity | SA-BET (m2/g) | SA-BJH (m2/g) | PV (cm3/g) | PD (nm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lactose | 0.458 ± 0.007 | 0.864 ± 0.004 | 47.0 ± 1.0 | 1.89 ± 0.04 | 56.7 ± 0.7 | 42.5 ± 0.5 | 2.69 ± 0.07 | 0.927 ± 0.202 | 1.11 ± 0.02 | 1.25 | 0.00133 | 42.5 | |
| Lactose-0 | 69.0 | 0.329 ± 0.003 | 0.558 ± 0.005 | 41.0 ± 0.0 | 1.70 ± 0.00 | 45.3 ± 1.7 | 45.9 ± 0.2 | 3.40 ± 0.03 | 1.010 ± 0.011 | 3.44 ± 0.01 | 3.62 | 0.00447 | 49.4 |
| Lactose-P1 | 85.3 | 0.398 ± 0.008 | 0.583 ± 0.007 | 31.7 ± 1.5 | 1.46 ± 0.03 | 42.2 ± 1.4 | 30.3 ± 0.1 | 2.21 ± 0.02 | 0.710 ± 0.012 | 1.58 ± 0.28 | 2.11 | 0.03010 | 570.0 |
| Lactose-P2 | 85.5 | 0.397 ± 0.003 | 0.557 ± 0.011 | 28.7 ± 1.2 | 1.40 ± 0.02 | 40.5 ± 0.8 | 34.8 ± 0.1 | 2.11 ± 0.01 | 0.657 ± 0.007 | 1.56 ± 0.43 | 2.12 | 0.01720 | 323.0 |
| Lactose-P3 | 89.1 | 0.376 ± 0.004 | 0.555 ± 0.007 | 32.3 ± 0.6 | 1.48 ± 0.01 | 40.0 ± 1.3 | 27.1 ± 0.1 | 2.04 ± 0.00 | 0.615 ± 0.002 | 2.03 ± 0.29 | 2.94 | 0.01870 | 254.0 |
Lactose, the raw material; P, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K30); Lactose-0, processed without PVP K30; Lactose-P1, processed with 1% PVP K30; Lactose-P2, processed with 2% PVP K30; Lactose-P3, processed with 3% PVP K30; ρb, bulk density; ρt, tapped density; CI, Carr’s index; HR, Hausner ratio; AR, angle of repose; d (0.5), median particle size; span, particle size distribution; SA-BET, the surface area characterized by BET; SA-BJH, the surface area characterized by BJH; PV, BJH. Adsorption cumulative volume of pores between 17.000 nm and 3000.000 nm diameter; PD, BJH Adsorption average pore diameter.