. 2021 Jun 4;13(6):836. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060836

Table 3.

Forest plots illustrating the overall PPD reduction and CAL gain at three months. Refer to Supplementary file 2 for a list of abbreviations.

Overall PPD Reduction for SM Studies at 3 Months
Study	SMD	SE	95% CI	Weight (%)	P = 0.463
Chitsazi et al., 2014	0.525	0.289	−0.056 to 1.106	8.28
Moreira et al., 2015	0.205	0.311	−0.425 to 0.834	8.11
Chitsazi et al., 2014	−1.023	0.316	−1.659 to −0.386	8.07
Franco et al., 2014	0.631	0.364	−0.115 to 1.378	7.67
Malgikar et al., 2015	0.119	0.284	−0.453 to 0.691	8.31
Ahad et al., 2016	0.639	0.204	0.235 to 1.043	8.88
Monzavi et al., 2016	1.669	0.231	1.211 to 2.127	8.70
Shingnapurkar et al., 2016	0.995	0.271	0.454 to 1.537	8.42
Bundidpun et al., 2017	0.007	0.310	−0.620 to 0.635	8.11
Hill et al., 2019	0.039	0.072	−0.103 to 0.181	9.47
Braun et al., 2008	0.139	0.310	−0.490 to 0.767	8.11
Sena et al., 2019	−2.169	0.340	−2.851 to −1.487	7.87
Total (random effects)	0.166	0.227	−0.278 to 0.611	100.00
Heterogeneity: Q = 15.81; DF = 11; P = 0.0001; I² = 91.21%
Overall PPD Reduction for PG Studies at 3 Months
Study	SMD	SE	95% CI	Weight (%)	P = 0.763
Arweiler et al., 2013	−0.681	0.340	−1.374 to 0.011	19.80
Raj et al., 2016	0.669	0.441	−0.258 to 1.595	15.89
Vidal et al., 2017	−0.060	0.322	−0.714 to 0.593	20.59
Theodoro et al., 2017	−0.127	0.374	−0.897 to 0.643	18.43
Joseph et al., 2014	0.556	0.215	0.127 to 0.984	25.28
Total (random effects)	0.076	0.252	−0.420 to 0.573	100.00
Heterogeneity: Q = 11.87; DF = 4; P = 0.018; I² = 66.31%
Overall CAL Gain for SM Studies at 3 Months
Study	SMD	SE	95% CI	Weight (%)	P = 0.088
Chitsazi et al., 2014	0.439	0.287	−0.140 to 1.017	3.52
Moreira et al., 2015	−0.040	0.310	−0.667 to 0.588	3.02
Chitsazi et al., 2014	0.249	0.297	−0.351 to 0.849	3.29
Franco et al., 2014	0.601	0.364	−0.144 to 1.346	2.20
Malgikar et al., 2015	−0.048	0.284	−0.620 to 0.523	3.60
Ahad et al., 2016	0.158	0.199	−0.237 to 0.552	7.35
Monzavi et al., 2016	0.080	0.199	−0.314 to 0.474	7.37
Shingnapurkar et al., 2016	0.564	0.260	0.043 to 1.084	4.30
Bundidpun et al., 2017	0.032	0.310	−0.595 to 0.660	3.02
Hill et al., 2019	0.019	0.072	−0.123 to 0.161	55.29
Braun et al., 2008	0.161	0.310	−0.468 to 0.789	3.01
Sena et al., 2019	0.000	0.268	−0.538 to 0.538	4.04
Total (random effects)	0.092	0.233	−0.013 to 0.198	100.00
Heterogeneity: Q = 8.74; DF = 11; P = 0.655; I² = 0.00%
Overall CAL Gain for PG Studies at 3 Months
Study	SMD	SE	95% CI	Weight (%)	P = 0.745
Arweiler et al., 2013	−0.662	0.340	−1.356 to 0.010	19.80
Raj et al., 2016	0.669	0.441	−0.258 to 1.595	15.89
Vidal et al., 2017	−0.102	0.372	−0.514 to 0.793	20.59
Theodoro et al., 2017	−0.106	0.374	−0.997 to 0.743	18.43
Joseph et al., 2014	0.456	0.255	−0.120 to 0.673	25.28
Total (random effects)	0.056	0.358	−0.408 to 0.552	100.00
Heterogeneity: Q = 8.95; DF = 4; P = 0.028; I² = 70.31%