Table 2.
Effectiveness of interventions at changing obesity-related behaviours and BMI/BMI z-score.
| Outcome 1: MVPA (mins/day) | Studies (n=) | INT (n=) | C (n=) | I 2 | MD (95% CI) |
| Device-measured | 16 | 4523 | 3921 | 41% | 1.53 (0.49, 2.57) |
| Self-reported | 2 | 372 | 361 | 0% | 12.37 (8.51, 16.22) |
| MVPA min/day (≤6 months) | 4 | 280 | 285 | 0% | 4.84 (0.81, 8.88) |
| MVPA min/day (>6 months) | 14 | 4546 | 3997 | 74% | 1.89 (0.09, 3.40) |
| Theory-based | 9 | 3481 | 3102 | 74% | 2.19 (0.04, 4.34) |
| No theory | 9 | 1414 | 1266 | 49% | 2.15 (−0.53, 4.82) |
| Outcome 2: SB (mins/day) | Studies (n=) | INT (n=) | C (n=) | I 2 | MD (95% CI) |
| Device-measured | 11 | 3966 | 3456 | 55% | −0.91 (−2.30, 0.48) |
| Self-reported | 1 | 40 | 52 | N/A | 1.40 (−25.95, 28.75) |
| ST min/day (≤6 months) | 2 | 186 | 192 | 0% | 1.29 (−5.67, 8.24) |
| ST min/day (>6 months) | 10 | 3820 | 3316 | 59% | −1.00 (−2.42, 0.42) |
| Theory-based | 6 | 3091 | 2691 | 20% | −0.46 (−1.93, 1.02) |
| No theory | 5 | 915 | 817 | 65% | −4.51 (−8.68, −0.34) |
| Outcome 3: BMI z-score | Studies (n=) | INT (n=) | C (n=) | I 2 | MD (95% CI) |
| Only targeting one outcome | 5 | 1465 | 1565 | 68% | −0.05 (−0.10, 0.01) |
| Targeting > 1 outcome | 11 | 5935 | 5386 | 57% | −0.04 (−0.08, 0.00) |
| ≤6 months | 2 | 293 | 314 | 52% | −0.02 (−0.15, 0.10) |
| >6 months | 14 | 7107 | 6637 | 61% | −0.04 (−0.08, −0.01) |
| Theory-based | 6 | 3253 | 3287 | 68% | −0.08 (−0.13, −0.02) |
| No theory | 10 | 4147 | 3664 | 47% | −0.02 (−0.06, 0.02) |
| Outcome 4: BMI (kg/m 2) | Studies (n=) | INT (n=) | C (n=) | I 2 | MD (95% CI) |
| Only targeting one outcome | 8 | 2451 | 2469 | 12% | −0.04 (−0.23, 0.16) |
| Targeting > 1 outcome | 12 | 4700 | 4174 | 67% | −0.04 (−0.14, 0.06) |
| ≤6 months | 5 | 491 | 502 | 42% | −0.07 (−0.35, 0.22) |
| >6 months | 15 | 6660 | 6141 | 59% | −0.03 (−0.13, 0.06) |
| Theory-based | 6 | 2596 | 2596 | 75% | −0.10 (−0.22, 0.02) |
| No theory | 14 | 4555 | 4047 | 30% | 0.04 (−0.09, 0.18) |
Abbreviations: INT = intervention, C = control, MVPA = moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, SB = sedentary behaviour, ST = sedentary time, MD = mean difference, BMI = body mass index.