Expression of SOX2 and Ki-67 in CAA and COSCC. (A) In CAA, the expression of SOX2 is strong and is almost exclusively localized in the outer layer of neoplastic epithelial tissue. (B) In COSCC, the expression of SOX2 is strong and diffuse (B’) with an especially distinct signal in the areas of the tumor-invasive front and tumor budding. (C,E) The proliferation activity (Ki-67-positive cells) is rarely present in CAA (E’); only occasionally, there are areas of positive cellular nests (arrowhead). (D) In well-differentiated COSCC, the Ki-67-positive cells are present mainly in the outer layers of the epithelial islets (arrowhead). (F) Poorly differentiated COSCCs are diffusely Ki-67-positive with strong expression. (G) Normal canine oral epithelium has scattered SOX2-positive cells along the basement membrane and Ki-67 exhibit the same dispersed expression pattern (H). (A’–H’) Higher magnification insert.