Figure 1.
Integrative summary of how oxidative stress could be an underlying mechanism for postoperative atrial fibrillation, acute myocardial infarction, and hypertension. There are four main ROS sources, producing mainly superoxide anion. ROS production can be amplified through the interaction with nitric oxide and iron, to produce peroxynitrite and hydroxyl radical, respectively. CV: Cardiovascular. AMI: Acute myocardial infarction. NO: Nitric oxide. Fe+3: Free ferric iron. OH: Hydroxyl anion. CAT: Catalase. GSH-Px: Gluthathione peroxidase. SOD: Superoxide dismutase. n-3 PUFA: Polyunsatured fatty acids. DFO: Deferoxamine. NAC: N-acetylcysteine. GSH: Glutathione. POAF: Postoperative atrial fibrillation. ONOO-: Peroxynitrite. OH•: Hydroxyl radical. O2•-: superoxide anion. eNOS: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase.