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. 2021 Jun 9;10(6):1333. doi: 10.3390/foods10061333

Table 4.

Carotenoid content of three microgreen species (lettuce, mustard, and rocket) in response to nutrient deprivation treatment (DBH) applied for 6 or 12 days before harvest. All data are expressed as mean ± standard error, n = 3.

Source of Variance Lutein β-Carotene Total Carotenoids
(mg kg−1 DW) (mg kg−1 DW) (mg kg−1 DW)
Species *** *** ***
DBH n.s. *** ***
Species*DBH *** *** ***
Lettuce 303.05 ± 3.51 b 442.48 ± 5.31 a 745.53 ± 7.28 b
Mustard 395.71 ± 20.31 a 263.24 ± 16.94 b 658.96 ± 34.23 c
Rocket 405.62 ± 21.98 a 458.42 ± 38 a 864.04 ± 57.8 a
0 381.7 ± 24.42 447.93 ± 41.59 a 829.63 ± 54.6 a
6 354.42 ± 20.89 363.7 ± 41.95 b 718.12 ± 53.95 b
12 368.26 ± 25.09 352.51 ± 22.94 b 720.77 ± 17.68 b
Lettuce, 0 303.11 ± 4.34 d 459.55 ± 6.08 b 762.66 ± 4.24 c
Lettuce, 6 297.85 ± 5.69 d 426.91 ± 2.65 b 724.76 ± 8.09 cd
Lettuce, 12 308.19 ± 8.37 d 440.97 ± 5.17 b 749.16 ± 13.54 c
Mustard, 0 390.56 ± 12.81 bc 299.86 ± 13.31 c 690.42 ± 5.48 cd
Mustard, 6 330.65 ± 4.28 cd 197.74 ± 3.97 d 528.39 ± 3.38 e
Mustard, 12 465.93 ± 13.21 a 292.13 ± 4 c 758.06 ± 9.39 c
Rocket, 0 451.44 ± 37.62 ab 584.38 ± 14.09 a 1035.82 ± 50.3 a
Rocket, 6 434.75 ± 8.69 ab 466.45 ± 6.79 b 901.2 ± 8.06 b
Rocket, 12 330.67 ± 5.13 cd 324.42 ± 11.95 c 655.1 ± 15.06 d

n.s., *** Nonsignificant or significant at p ≤ 0.001, respectively. Different letters within each column indicate significant differences according to Tukey–Kramer HSD test (p = 0.05).