Figure 5.

Vlp1 is required for Cryptococcus–macrophage interaction and survival in the host complement system. (A) The proliferation of Cryptococcus inside macrophages was performed using J774 macrophages. CFU numbers recovered from the macrophage culture after removing the nonadherent extracellular yeast cells and cultured for indicated times were used to determine intracellular proliferation and macrophage killing. ****, p < 0.0001 (determined by Mann–Whitney test). (B) The survival rate of the same strains as (A) after co-incubation with mouse serum was determined by the CFU numbers recovered from the co-incubation cultures after co-incubated as the indicated time. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.001.