AD	atopic dermatitis
AMPK	adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
α-syn	α-synuclein
BAT	brown adipose tissue
BCAA	branched-chain amino acid
BCKD	branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase
BET	beige adipose tissue
BLG	β-lactoglobulin
BMI	body mass index
BMMF	bovine meat and milk factor
CAV3	caveolin 3
CaMKIIα	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα
CARMA1	CARD-containing MAGUK protein 1
CCK	cholecystokinin
CCKR	cholecystokinin receptor
CCR	chemokine, CC motif, receptor
CDX2	caudal-type homeobox transcription factor 2
CEBP	CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein
CIDEA	death-inducing DFFA-like effector A
circRNA	circular RNA
CLDN1	claudin 1
CMA	cow milk alllergy
CRC	colorectal cancer
CYR61	cystein-rich protein 61
DBT	dihydrolipoamide branched-chain transacylase
DC	dendritic cell
DMBT1	deleted in malignant brain tumors 1
DNMT1	DNA methyltransferase 1
DON	deoxynivalenol
DSS	dextran sodium sulfate
ERRα	estrogen-related receptor-α
ER	endoplasmic reticulum
EV	extracellular vesicle
FcRn	neonatal crystallizable fragment receptor
FOXP3	forkhead box transcription factor P3
GATA4	GATA-binding protein 4
GI	gastrointestinal tract
GP130	interleukin 6 signal transducer
GRP94	glucose-regulated protein 94
GSIS	glucose-stimulated insulin secretion
GSK3	glycogen synthase kinase 3
HM	human milk
HDAC4	histone deacetylase 4
hMSC	human mesenchymal stem cell
HoP	Holder pasteurization
HSP	heat shock protein
IBD	inflammatory bowel disease
IEC	intestinal epithelial cell
IFN	interferon
IgA	immunoglobulin A
IgG	immunoglobulin G
IGF-1	insulin-like growth factor 1
IGF1R	IGF-1 receptor
IκB	inhibitor of κB
IKK	IκB kinase
IL-1	interleukin 1
IL-2	interleukin 2
IL-6	interleukin 6
IL-8	interleukin 8
IL-10	interleukin 10
IL-17	interleukin 17
ISC	intestinal stem cell
iTreg	inducible regulatory T cell
LDLR	low density-lipoprotein receptor
LGR5	leucine-rich-repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5
lncRNA	long non-coding RNA
LRP6	low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6
MesD	mesoderm development
MEV	milk extracellular vesicle
MEX	milk exosome
MFG	milk fat globule
MFG-E8	MFG epidermal growth factor 8
MGEC	mammary gland epithelial cell
MHC	major histocompatibility complex
miRNA	micro-ribonucleic acid
MPO	myeloperoxidase
mTORC1	mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1
MUC1 MUC2	mucin 1 mucin 2
MyD88	MyD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor
NCOA1	nuclear receptor co-activator 1
NEC	necrotizing enterocolitis
NF-κB	RELA protooncogene, NFKB subunit
NK	natural killer
OCLN	occludin
OTU	operational taxonomic unit
PBMC	peripheral blood mononuclear cell
PCNA	proliferating cell nuclear antigen
PGC-1α	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator 1α
PGC-1β	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator 1β
PI3K	phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
PPAR	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
PPARGC1A	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α)
PRKAA1	catalytic subunit α1 of AMPK
PRKAG2	regulatory subunit γ2 of AMPK
PTEN	phosphatase and tensin homolog
PURB	purine-rich element binding protein B
RIP140	receptor interacting protein 140
RegIIIγ	regenerating islet-derived 3γ
ROR	RAR-related orphan receptor
SIRT1	sirtuin 1
SNARE	soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor
SOCS1	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1
SNCA	α-synuclein
STAT	signal transducer and activator of transcription
TCR	T cell receptor
TGFβ	transforming growth factor-β
TJ	tight junction
TLR	toll-like receptor
TNFα	tumor necrosis factor-α
TNFAIP3	TNFα-induced protein 3
TFF3	trefoil factor 3
T2DM	type 2 diabetes mellitus
Treg	FOXP3+ regulatory T cell
TSDR	Treg-specific demethylated region
TSG101	tumor susceptibility gene 101
UCP1	uncoupling protein 1
UCP2	uncoupling protein 2
UCP3	uncoupling protein 3
UHT	ultraheat-treated
3′UTR	3′-untranslated region
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor
WAT	white adipose tissue
WNT	wingless
ZO-1	zonula occludens 1