Table 1.

Characteristics of clinical studies evaluating remdesivir for treatment of COVID-19

Author, year (study design)	Institution/country of study conduct	Study interventions (N)/regimen	Study control (N)/regimen	Study population characteristics	Study outcomes
Beigel et al 2020 (randomised controlled trial)	Multicentre trial	Remdesivir (538); 200 mg on day 1 followed by 100 mg on days 2–10 in single daily infusions	Placebo (521)	Hospitalised adults patients with COVID-19 with evidence of lower respiratory tract involvement.	Time to recovery: Patients in the remdesivir group had a shorter time to recovery than patients in the placebo group (median, 11 days, as compared with 15 days; rate ratio for recovery, 1.32; 95% CI (CI), 1.12 to 1.55; p<0.001 Mortality: Kaplan-Meier estimates of mortality by 14 days were 7.1% with remdesivir and 11.9% with placebo (HR for death, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.47 to 1.04)
Spinner et al (randomised controlled trial)	Multicentre trial	Remdesivir - 10 days (n=197), Remdesivir - 5 days (n=199)	Standard care (n=200)	Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and moderate COVID-19 pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and room-air oxygen saturation >94%)	Day 28 Mortality rate n(%) – remdesivir 10 day=3 (2); remdesivir 5 days=2 (1), standard=4 (2) Clinical Improvement n(%) - remdesivir 10 day=174((90), remdesivir 5 day=171(90), Standard=166(83)
Wang et al 2020 (randomised controlled trial)	Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China	Remdesivir (158); at least 1 dose after entering ICU; 200 mg on day 1 followed by 100 mg on days 2–10 in single daily infusions	Placebo (79)	Hospitalised adults patients with COVID-19 symptom onset to enrolment interval of <12 days, oxygen saturation <94% on room air or a ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen of 300 mm Hg or less, and radiologically confirmed pneumonia	Time to clinical improvement within 28 days after randomisation: Remdesivir use was not associated with a difference in time to clinical improvement (HR 1.23 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.75)). Although not statistically significant, patients receiving remdesivir had a numerically faster time to clinical improvement than those receiving placebo among patients with symptom duration of 10 days or less (HR 1.52 (0.95 to 2.43) 28-day mortality: similar between the two groups (22(14%] died in the remdesivir group vs 10 (13%) in the placebo group; difference 1.1% (95% CI –8.1 to 10.3)).
WHO Solidarity Trial 2020 (randomised controlled trial)	WHO, Multicentric trial (405 hospitals in 30 countries)	Remdesivir (2743); day 0, 200 mg; days 1–9, 100 mg	Placebo (2708)	Hospitalised with a diagnosis of COVID-19, age ≥18 years, not known to have received any study drug, without anticipated transfer elsewhere within 72 hours	Mortality rate: Remdesivir RR=0.95 (0.81 to 1.11, p=0.50; 301/2743 active vs 303/2708 control). Hydroxychloroquine RR=1.19 (0.89 to 1.59, p=0.23; 104/947 vs 84/906), Lopinavir RR=1.00 (0.79 to 1.25, p=0.97; 148/1399 vs 146/1372) Interferon RR=1.16 (0.96 to 1.39, p=0.11; 243/2050 vs 216/2050)