Western blots of signaling pathway kinase, including Erk1/2, p-Erk1/2, P38, p-P38, Akt, and p-Akt, were quantified against GAPDH (A). (B) Results were normalized to the control group (equal to 100%). The data revealed that treatment with ketamine significantly increased the Akt phosphorylation, but reduced the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and p38 as compared to the control group. However, treatment with rapamycin increased the p38 phosphorylation, but suppressed the expression of p-Erk1/2 and p-Akt. Data were expressed as means ± SD for n = 6, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 versus the control group; #
p < 0.05, ##
p < 0.01 versus the ketamine group.