Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of hemodialysis patients with and without decreased lean body mass.
| Variables a | Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI, kg/m2) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Normal (Men: ≥17; Women: ≥15) | Low (Men: <17; Women: <15) | P Value | |
| Number of patients | n = 121 | n = 109 | |
| Demographic and clinical characteristics | |||
| Age, years | 59.9 ± 11.5 | 68.6 ± 15.7 | <0.001 |
| Women, n (%) | 35 (28.9) | 45 (41.3) | 0.049 |
| Body height, cm | 165.0 (158.7–169.8) | 161.0 (154.2–166.5) | <0.001 |
| Body weight, kg | 68.8 (63.4–78.9) | 57.2 (50.1–65.3) | <0.001 |
| Dialysis vintage, months | 45.0 (21.5–63.0) | 54.0 (36.5–128.0) | 0.006 |
| spKt/Vurea | 1.42 ± 0.21 | 1.65 ± 0.25 | <0.001 |
| nPCR, g/kg/day | 1.15 ± 0.22 | 1.14 ± 0.27 | 0.763 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 109 (90.1) | 94 (86.2) | 0.366 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 69 (57.0) | 60 (55.0) | 0.763 |
| CVD b, n (%) | 55 (45.5) | 54 (49.5) | 0.535 |
| Mean arterial pressure, mmHg | 105 ± 17 | 98 ± 18 | 0.001 |
| Body composition and nutritional scores | |||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.1 (23.3–28.9) | 22.6 (20.2–25.0) | <0.001 |
| Men | 25.3 (23.2–29.2) | 23.0 (20.3–25.7) | <0.001 |
| Women | 27.0 (24.1–28.8) | 22.4 (19.7–24.5) | <0.001 |
| FFMI, kg/m2 | 17.8 (17.0–19.2) | 14.7 (13.9–16.0) | <0.001 |
| Men | 18.6 (17.7–19.6) | 15.8 (14.8–16.5) | <0.001 |
| Women | 16.0 (15.4–16.5) | 14.1 (13.3–14.5) | <0.001 |
| FMI, kg/m2 | 8.2 (5.3–11.0) | 8.0 (5.1–10.0) | 0.426 |
| Men | 6.9 (4.7–10.2) | 7.8 (4.9–9.8) | 0.796 |
| Women | 10.5 (7.8–12.8) | 8.1 (6.0–10.5) | 0.006 |
| ECW/TBW, % | 39.9 (38.9–41.0) | 40.4 (39.5–41.5) | 0.005 |
| SCI, mg/kg/day | 21.55 (19.94–23.03) | 19.08 (17.13–20.65) | <0.001 |
| Men | 22.36 (21.07–23.47) | 19.88 (18.76–21.38) | <0.001 |
| Women | 19.48 (18.62–20.44) | 17.26 (16.46–19.16) | <0.001 |
| GNRI | 102.7 (99.7–106.5) | 99.8 (95.4–103.0) | <0.001 |
| GNRI ≤ 98, n (%) | 19 (15.7) | 40 (36.7) | <0.001 |
| Presence of PEW c, n (%) | 15 (12.4) | 30 (27.5) | 0.003 |
| Laboratory parameters | |||
| Albumin, g/dL | 4.1 (3.9–4.4) | 4.0 (3.8–4.3) | 0.042 |
| Calcium, mg/dL | 9.2 (8.7–9.8) | 9.1 (8.4–9.6) | 0.058 |
| Phosphorous, mg/dL | 5.3 (4.5–6.3) | 4.8 (3.9–5.6) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 142.5 (124.0–168.8) | 138.5 (122.0–162.0) | 0.305 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 118.5 (95.3–157.5) | 130.0 (104.0–179.8) | 0.164 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 10.0 ± 1.4 | 9.9 ± 1.2 | 0.895 |
| Inflammatory markers | |||
| IL-6, pg/mL | 10.62 (5.58–18.87) | 14.86 (8.80–24.23) | 0.004 |
| TNF-α, pg/mL | 2.34 (1.03–4.19) | 3.24 (1.32–5.71) | 0.012 |
| IL-8, pg/mL | 4.04 (1.03–19.12) | 15.32 (1.68–36.51) | 0.003 |
| MCP-1, pg/mL | 164.03 (127.41–223.92) | 183.99 (147.46–252.23) | 0.065 |
| sTLR4, pg/mL | 156.28 (115.63–253.55) | 182.41 (126.25–293.93) | 0.097 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; ECW/TBW, extracellular water/total body water ratio; FFMI, fat-free mass index; FMI, fat mass index; GNRI, geriatric nutritional risk index; IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-8, interleukin-8; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; nPCR, normalized protein catabolic rate; PEW, protein-energy wasting; SCI, simplified creatinine index; spKt/Vurea, single pool Kt/Vurea; sTLR4, soluble Toll-like receptor 4; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α. a Variables are expressed as n (%) for categorical data and as mean values ± SD or medians and interquartile ranges for continuous data with or without a normal distribution, respectively. b History of CVD consisted of coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease. c Protein-energy wasting was diagnosed according to the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM) expert panel.