Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics of participants by CHNS rounds, 1991 to 2015 1–3.
| 1991 | 2004 | 2015 | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child Characteristic | ||||
| Sample (N) | 2887 | 1979 | 2699 | - |
| Age group (%) | ||||
| 6 to 11 years | 51.2 (0.9) | 56.0 (1.1) | 57.4 (0.9) | <0.001 |
| 12 to 17 years | 48.8 (0.9) | 44.0 (1.1) | 42.7 (0.9) | <0.001 |
| Gender (%) | ||||
| boys | 50.7 (0.9) | 48.3 (0.9) | 47.7 (1.1) | <0.001 |
| girls | 49.3 (0.9) | 51.7 (1.1) | 52.3 (1.0) | <0.001 |
| Geographical region (%) | 26.3 (0.1) | 26.9 (0.1) | 34.5 (0.1) | <0.001 |
| urban | 26.3 (0.1) | 26.9 (0.1) | 34.5 (0.1) | <0.001 |
| rural | 73.7 (0.1) | 73.1 (0.1) | 65.5 (0.1) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 17.1 (0.1) | 17.9 (0.1) | 18.5 (0.2) | <0.001 |
| PA (MET/s) | 85.0 (1.6) | 84.6 (1.9) | 70.2 (1.8) | <0.001 |
| Household characteristic 4 | ||||
| Education (%) | ||||
| primary/below | 58.8 (0.9) | 20.6 (0.9) | 11.6 (0.6) | 0.000 |
| middle | 26.4 (0.8) | 54.7 (1.1) | 42.0 (0.9) | 0.000 |
| high/above | 14.8 (0.7) | 24.7 (0.1) | 46.4 (0.1) | 0.000 |
| Income | 4.8 (0.1) | 10.6 (0.3) | 43.7 (4.1) | 0.000 |
| Smoking | 65.6 (0. 9) | 60.0 (1.1) | 45.9 (1.2) | 0.000 |
| Drinking | 63.9 (0.9) | 40.0 (1.1) | 46.1 (1.2) | 0.000 |
1 Mean percentage ± standard error (SE). 2 CHNS, China health and nutrition survey.3 Significant trend in each subgroup across the survey years.4 Education, the highest educational level of the parents. Income, average annual household income. Smoking, parents have smoking behaviors. Drinking, parents have drinking behaviors.