Table 2.
Pathogen distribution.
| Intermittent Bolus (n = 179) |
Prolonged Infusion (n = 451) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lead Pathogen (n = 112) |
Contributing Pathogen (n = 67) |
Lead Pathogen (n = 265) |
Contributing Pathogen (n = 186) |
||
| % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | ||
| Gram-negative | E. coli | 25 (28) | 20.9 (14) | 29.8 (79) | 16.1 (30) |
| MDR—E. coli * | 1.8 (2) | --- | --- | 0.5 (1) | |
| K. pneumoniae | 9 (10) | 3 (2) | 6.4 (17) | 4.3 (8) | |
| MDR—K. pneumoniae * | none | 1.5 (1) | 0.4 (1) | --- | |
| K. oxytoca | 2.7 (3) | --- | 3.4 (9) | 4.3 (8) | |
| Klebsiella spp. | --- | --- | 0.4 (1) | 1.1 (2) | |
| Citrobacter freundii | 1.8 (2) | 3 (2) | 0.4 (1) | 0.5 (1) | |
| Citrobacter spp. | 1.8 (2) | --- | --- | 1.1 (2) | |
| Serratia marscescens | 2.7 (3) | --- | 0.8 (2) | 0.5 (1) | |
| Serratia spp. | 0.9 (1) | --- | 0.4 (1) | --- | |
| Proteus mirabilis | 2.7 (3) | 1.5 (1) | 4.5 (12) | 1.6 (3) | |
| Proteus spp. | --- | 1.5 (1) | 0.4 (1) | 0.5 (1) | |
| Enterobacter spp. | 3.6 (4) | --- | 2.3 (6) | 5.4 (10) | |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 6.3 (7) | 6 (4) | --- | 5.9 (11) | |
| MDR—P. aeruginosa # | 0.9 (1) | 1.5 (1) | --- | --- | |
| Bacteroides fragilis | 3.6 (4) | 7.5 (5) | 1.5 (4) | 1.1 (2) | |
| Gram-positive | Enterococcus spp. | 4.5 (5) | 10.4 (7) | 3 (8) | 5.9 (11) |
| E. faecium | 9 (10) | 13.4 (9) | 10.9 (29) | 6.5 (12) | |
| E. faecalis | --- | 4.5 (3) | 1.1 (3) | 3.8 (7) | |
| VRE | 8 (9) | 3 (2) | 7.5 (20) | 10.8 (20) | |
| Staphylococcus spp. | 7.1 (8) | 4.5 (3) | 7.5 (25) | 4.3 (8) | |
| MRSA | 0.9 (1) | 3 (2) | --- | --- | |
| Streptococcus spp. | 1.8 (2) | 1.5 (1) | 3.4 (9) | 4.3 (8) | |
| Clostridium spp. | 0.9 (1) | 1.5 (1) | 2.6 (7) | 1.6 (3) | |
| Others | 46 (83/179) | 15 (67/451) | |||
Data are given as relative frequencies (%) and absolute numbers (n). Lead pathogens were considered the primarily causative pathogen identified. Overall, no pathogen was detected in 8.7% (36/414) of cases (subgroups: IB 10.5% (13/124), PI: 7.9% (23/290)) * Combined resistance towards 3rd-generation cephalosporins & fluoroquinolones # Combined resistances towards piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, fluoroquinolones & carbapenems.