Table 7.
Environmental conditions and maize late wilt disease in northern Israel in the growth seasons of 2016–2020 1.
| Location and Year | Dates | Average Temp. | Precipitation | Dehydration | M. maydis DNA | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amir 2016 (spring–summer) |
25 May–2 August (75 DAS) |
27 °C | 0.6 mm | 60% (69 DAS) 100% (75 DAS) |
0.05 (60 DAS) 7.8 × 10−05 (75 DAS) |
[17] |
| Amir 2017 (spring–summer) |
24 May–2 August (70 DAS) |
27 °C | 0 mm | 73% | 6.26 | [16] |
| Neot Mordechai 2018 (spring–Summer) |
23 April–5 July (73 DAS) |
25 °C | 30 mm | Less than 10% | 6.5 × 10−05 | [15] |
| Amir 2018 (summer) |
21 June–5 September (71 DAS) |
28 °C | 3 mm | 72% | 0.02 | [15] |
| Gadash farm 2019 (summer) |
6 August–30 October (85 DAS) |
26 °C | 53 mm | 30% | 5.3 × 10−04 | This study |
| Gadash farm 2020 (autumn) |
10 September–1 December (82 DAS) |
23 °C | 141 mm | Less than 10% | 4.5 × 10−04 | This study |
1 The experiments were conducted in the Amir field in the Hula Valley in Upper Galilee, northern Israel, or in nearby fields (located about 10 km from the Amir field). The sweet susceptible maize Prelude cv. was evaluated in all seasons. Meteorological data (averages) were according to Israel Northern Research and Development Meteorological Station data—Hava 1. Dehydration percentage—the plants were classified as wilted when wilt symptoms appeared on the cobs’ spathes. M. maydis DNA—lower stem qPCR results of specific M. maydis DNA fragment normalized to the cytochrome c oxidase (COX).