Table 1.
Comparison of the groups’ characteristics.
| Variables | AE | LE | HE | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 33) | (n = 21) | (n = 46) | |||
| Age (years) | 75.24 a ± 5.995 | 77.67 a ± 8.534 | 69.63 b ± 5.401 | <0.001 ** | |
| Body weight (kg) | 63.469 ± 9.752 | 61.053 ± 9.897 | 63.555 ± 9.315 | 0.579 | |
| Height (cm) | 150.157 ± 7.016 | 152.504 ± 6.014 | 153.158 ± 5.756 | 0.107 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.103 ± 3.519 | 26.255 ± 4.079 | 27.117 ± 3.889 | 0.214 | |
| Surgical side | Left | 3 (9.09%) | 5 (23.8%) | 10 (21.7%) | 0.144 |
| Right | 2 (6.06%) | 3 (14.2%) | 4 (8.69%) | ||
| Both | 28 (84.8%) | 13 (61.0%) | 32 (69.56%) | ||
AE, aquatic exercise; LE, land exercise; HE, home exercise; BMI, body mass index. ** p-value < 0.001. Values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviations or number (%). a,b Means followed by the same letters are not statistically different as determined by the post hoc Bonferroni’s method at p = 0.05.