Table 2.
Differences in knee joint ranges of motion and pain scores before and after surgery in each exercise group.
| Variable | AE | LE | HE | F | p-Value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before | After | Before | After | Before | After | ||||
| ROM(°) | Surgical side | 118.209 ± 17.724 | 125.955 ± 11.785 | 119.166 ± 20.301 | 126.944 ± 12.087 | 116.024 ± 17.050 | 123.253 ± 13.602 | 5.424 | 0.021 * |
| Normal Side |
126.000 ± 12.942 | 126.000 ± 12.942 | 133.333 ± 14.790 | 134.444 ± 9.824 | 134.000 ± 10.555 | 134.333 ± 12.658 | 17.356 | <0.001 *** | |
| Pain score | 5.000 ± 1.531 | 2.390 ± 1.420 | 4.950 ± 1.527 | 2.360 ± 1.217 | 4.570 ± 1.354 | 3.900 ± 1.373 | 2.606 | 0.11 | |
ROM, range of motion; AE, aquatic exercise; LE, land exercise; HE, home exercise. * p-value < 0.05 and *** p-value < 0.001. Values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviations. Covariate: ROM; pre-surgical knee joint range of motion, pain score; pre-surgical pain score.