Table 1.
Parameter | Description | T. mitsukurii | T. japonicus | H. halys |
---|---|---|---|---|
Moisture | ||||
SM0 | lower soil moisture threshold | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
SM1 | lower optimum soil moisture | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
SM2 | upper optimum soil moisture | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1 |
SM3 | upper soil moisture threshold | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.5 |
Temperature | ||||
DV0 | lower temperature threshold | 12 °C | 12 °C | 12 °C |
DV1 | lower optimum temperature | 25 °C | 27 °C | 27 °C |
DV2 | upper optimum temperature | 30 °C | 30 °C | 30 °C |
DV3 | upper temperature threshold | 32 °C | 34 °C | 33 °C |
Diapause | ||||
DPD0 | diapause induction daylength | 12 h light | ||
DPT0 | diapause induction temperature | 5 °C | ||
DPT1 | diapause termination temperature | 5 °C | ||
DPD | diapause development days | 0 | ||
DPSW | diapause summer (1) or winter (0) | 0 | ||
Cold Stress | ||||
TTCS | cold stress temperature threshold | −7 °C | −18.3 °C | −18 °C |
THCS | temperature threshold stress accumulation rate | −0.01 week−1 | −0.0015 week−1 | −0.01 week−1 |
DTCS | degree-day cold stress threshold | |||
DHCS | degree-day cold stress accumulation rate | |||
Heat Stress | ||||
TTHS | heat stress temperature threshold | 34 °C | 33 °C | |
THHS | temperature threshold stress accumulation rate | 0.055 week−1 | 0.01 week−1 | |
DTHS | degree-day heat stress threshold | 4 | ||
DHHS | degree-day heat stress accumulation rate | 0.0008 week−1 | ||
Dry Stress | ||||
SMDS | soil moisture dry stress threshold | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
HDS | stress accumulation rate | −0.01 week−1 | −0.01 week−1 | −0.01 week−1 |
Wet Stress | ||||
SMWS | soil moisture wet stress threshold | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.5 |
HWS | stress accumulation rate | 0.01 week−1 | 0.0065 week−1 | 0.002 week−1 |
Hot Wet Stress | ||||
TTHW | hot wet stress threshold temperature | 27 °C | 28 °C | |
MTHW | hot wet stress threshold soil moisture | 1.4 | 1.5 | |
PHW | hot wet stress accumulation rate | 0.0024 week−1 | 0.007 week−1 | |
Threshold Heat Sum | ||||
PDD | number of degree-days above DV0 needed to complete one generation | 185 °C-days | 175 °C-days | 595 °C-days |
Irrigation Scenario | 2.5 mm week−1 as top up | all models run with this irrigation scenario in this paper |
Values without units are for a dimensionless soil moisture index, scaled from 0 (oven dry), with 1 indicating field capacity. A value of 0.1 is approximately the permanent wilting point.